“For many people in the West, accurate weather forecasts often make lives more convenient: ‘Shall I take an umbrella along?’ In Africa, where many people depend on rain-fed agriculture, that is all a bit sha
Specialisation in agricultural production, which so many inhabitants of the world's worst-off countries depend upon, is characterised by diminishing returns over time, as grow- ers exploit and then move on from the best and most fruitful land to increasingly marginal prospects (Collier & Venables,...
Poverty is to a great extent a matter of structural forces such as exclusion, discrimination and the deprivation of rights, governance deficiencies and corruption, and the forces of ecological change that increase the vul- nerability of the poor, as many of them depend on natural resources ...
caste, ethnic group, race or sex. If the virus of color and race-based discrimination has damaged the social setup of many countries in the West, the bacteria of “caste” division has undermined the cohesive social fabric of India.
Standard & Poor’s Fundamentals of Corporate Credit Analysis is an in-depth guide authored by experts at Standard & Poor’s, a US-based financial services company that provides credit ratings on countries, bonds, commodities, and other investments. S&P’s guide providescredit prof...
to oblige all countries, rich and poor, to grant at least 20 years' patent protection for new medicines, thereby delaying production of the inexpensive generic substitutes upon which developing-country health services and poor people depend. iprcommission.org 原因是该协议的本质 缺陷是要求所有国家,...
However, the literature has shown that different infrastructure projects across countries have different effects on households' welfare. The heterogeneity of impacts indicates the importance of identifying the infrastructure type that could lead to pro-poor growth. This paper therefore investigates the ...
1 where a narrow elite has a disproportionate influence on state policy. In those countries outright bribery may be low, but the system is riddled with special interest deals that favor the few over the many. Researchers at the World Bank estimate that worldwide bribery totals at least $1 ...
the circumstancesandcropsonwhichpoorfarmers depend. iprcommission.org iprcommission.org 此外发展中国家也可以制订制度,为符合适于贫困农民所依赖环境和作物条件的品种提供保护。 iprcommission.org iprcommission.org Do subsidies on products exist and what are their effects on production offoodcropsandincomesofpoo...
Bhattacharyya O, McGahan A, Dunne D, Singer PA, Daar A: Rockefeller foundation-sponsored initiative on the role of the private sector in health systems in developing countries: Innovative health service delivery models for low and middle income countries. (No. 5 Technical Partner Paper 5). 2008...