However, Ln(III) ions are unable to show a high luminous emission under direct excitation because the f–f transitions of lanthanide ions are spin-forbidden. Many scientists find that the auxiliary ligands can play an important role in increasing the intensity of a luminous emission and ...
(1) Polymers 2019, 11, 494 6 of 10 where Φre f is the fluorescence quantum yield of the standard reference sample (Rhodamine 101), a is the absorbance, n is the refractive index of the matrix, and S is the area under the fluorescence curve; the values of Φ f and the fluorescence...