Constructs for expression of monellin in plant cellsRobert FischerSungHou KimJoong M ChoLola PenarrubiaJames GiovannoniRosalind Kim
uptothekindofthinkinginwhichstudentsmustengageforTheoryofKnowledgetohavestudentsbrainstormalistofthingswewouldnotknowwithoutthemicroscope.Anextensiontothediscussionwouldbetothinkaboutwhatlimitationsthemicroscopemakestowhatwecanknowaboutcells.Forexample,cellsaremostoftenkilledandstained,aretherethingsthatcannotbeseenusing...
considerably longer than the cells on which they are produced. In some bacterial species, each bacterium has only one flagellum, whereas others have a tuft of flagella at one end of the cell (polarflagella); still others haveperitrichousflagella, i.e., distributed over the entire surface of ...
inside the cytoplasm. (B) Thickening of the cell wall and mitochondrial morphology changes. (C) Alterations to membrane integrity (a), loss of the cytoplasmic content (b), intracytoplasmic vacuoles (c), and thickening of the cell wall (d). (D) NormalCandida albicanscells (untreated control)...
4a-d), but comprised a greater proportion of total variation at local scales (<10 km2), approximately the size of current high-resolution cells in gridded climate datasets. Sites with low sampled species richness also exhibited high within-species variation (<10 species; Fig. 4e-h), ...
Species diversity was calculated as the numbers of species within 100 km × 100 km grid cells (see Supplementary Fig. 1 for a different spatial scale). Phylogenetic diversity (PD) was calculated in million years (myr) as the sum of all phylogenetic branch lengths for the set of ...
Traits can be observed at any scale, ranging from molecular entities in plant cells, to cell types, tissues, organs, whole organisms and populations.Plant experimental conditions ontologyPECO describes the biotic and abiotic treatments, growing conditions, and study types used in various types of ...
remain inside the infection threads, but more often, the bacteria are released into membrane-bound compartments inside the cells of the nodule where N-fixation occurs. (B). Strigolactone release by the plant root signals to AMF in the rhizosphere. This promotes spore germination and hyphal ...
Since the complementary algorithm does not necessarily yield the fewest grid cells [52], we formulated the problem of finding the exact minimum set of grid cells covering all species involved in the framework of integer linear programming [53,54], and solved it with the linear programming solver...
(km). (c) The site locations are projected onto the climate space defined by α and GDD0. The grey cells show the frequency distribution of 10km grid cells across the whole of China in this climate space. (f) the zoom-in locations of new sites along the elevation gradient in Gongga ...