These PCGs from the mitogenomes of the six closely-related species were compared to determine the Ka/Ks ratio (Table 3). Genes nad3 and ccmB exhibited a Ka/Ks value greater than 1, indicating that they underwent positive selection. The remaining PCGs all possessed the values of Ka/Ks ...
Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Curren
In both plants (left) and mammalian (right), cells pathogen detection by membrane and intracellular innate immune receptors leads to signaling cascades that culminate in expression of defense-related genes. Defense mechanisms eventually result in programmed cell death in both kingdoms. This diagram ...
Hulless barley grains are highly nutritious and contain active compounds such as β-glucans, polyphenols, and tocopherols, which have therapeutic effects [3, 4]. This annual crop, used for both human consumption and animal feed, is noted for its adaptability to various environments, including ...
The nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NBLRR) genes significantly regulate defences against phytopathogens in plants. The genome-wide identification and analysis of NBLRR genes have been performed in several species. However, the detailed evolu
Cassava leaf samples degrade quickly during storage and transportation from distant areas. Proper sampling and efficient, low-cost storage methods are critical for obtaining sufficient quality DNA and RNA for plant virus epidemiology and improving diseas
for raw material production, and this use will depend on whether the mass is fresh or dry. For example, the fresh mass can be used for human and animal food, as well as by the pharmaceutical industry, while the dried mass can be used by bioenergy industry. ...
Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essent
Ciliogenesis in these cells occurs de novo, as opposed to the canonical template pathway seen in animal lineages [21]. It can thus be assumed that there are regulatory mechanisms that ensure correct spatial and temporal expression of genes required for ciliary function within this restricted phase ...
Thellungiella halophila (also known as T. salsuginea) is a model halophyte with a small size, short life cycle, and small genome. Thellungiella genes exhibit a high degree of sequence identity with Arabidopsis genes (90% at the cDNA level). We previously