The rhizosphere, also known as the epicentre of microbe-microbe and plant–microbe interactions, has been categorized into three sub-zones: the endorhizosphere, encompassing the root cortex and endodermis where microorganisms and mineral ions reside between plant cells; the rhizoplane, the middle zone ...
In both plants (left) and mammalian (right), cells pathogen detection by membrane and intracellular innate immune receptors leads to signaling cascades that culminate in expression of defense-related genes. Defense mechanisms eventually result in programmed cell death in both kingdoms. This diagram ...
Apart from their fundamental roles in plants, carotenoids are also critically important to human nutrition and health. Provitamin A carotenoids, such as β-carotene and α-carotene, are the dietary precursors of vitamin A, which is essential for eyes and immune system. Vitamin A deficiency can ca...
a schematic diagram of a cross-section from a canonical 9 + 2 axonemal structure. View from the head towards the flagellar tip. Nine microtubule doublets (with subtubules A and B) are arranged cylindrically around an additional pair of microtubule singlets located at the centre. Two ...
BMC Plant Biology BioMed Central Methodology article Open Access A simple and high-sensitivity method for analysis of ubiquitination and polyubiquitination based on wheat cell-free protein synthesis Hirotaka Takahashi1,2, Akira Nozawa1,2,5, Motoaki Seki3, Kazuo Shinozaki4, Yaeta Endo*1,2,5 and ...
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Temperature-, Circadian-, and Humidity-Mediated Effects on Plant Immunity (A) Effect of elevated temperature on immune signaling in plants. At elevated temperature, PTI responsive genes and phosphorylation of MPKs and BIK1 are activated more robustly. Elevated temperatu...
Phylogenic analysis of the MTD showed that plant DNMT3 form a monophyletic clade together with animal DNMT3 which is separated from the DRM clade (Fig. 1a), sug- gesting the functional conservation of DNMT3s among plants and animals and/or functional speciation between plant DNMT3 and DRM ...
Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Curren
Ciliogenesis in these cells occurs de novo, as opposed to the canonical template pathway seen in animal lineages [21]. It can thus be assumed that there are regulatory mechanisms that ensure correct spatial and temporal expression of genes required for ciliary function within this restricted phase ...
Interactions within the plant-soil system in multiple crop systems. Components denotes in black boxes, processes in white boxes. The diagram shows how through multiple-crop arrangements root systems can alter their environment directly and indirectly via rhizosphere processes (discussed in this review) ...