Due to unique properties of cardiomyocytes -The longer the muscle fiber, the more forceful the contraction upon stimulation Due to increased venous return Necessary for maintaining equal CO from the left and right heart a)Need to keep CO the same in both sides of the heart to ensure no blood...
CVDs encompass a wide spectrum of disorders, including diseases of the heart muscle and the vascular system that supplies the brain, heart, and other vital organs with blood and oxygen. CVDs are the preeminent cause of death worldwide, claiming the lives of an estimated 17.9 million people annu...
1. Ca2+ released from SR in response to neural stim triggers muscle contraction + activates phosphorylase (thus promoting glycogenolysis) 2. Plasma levels of Epi/NE increase markedly (promotes glycogenolysis + lipolysis) 3. During strenuous exercise, energy demands cannot be met by aerobic metaboli...
3-DPG (diphosphoglycerate), a byproduct of red blood cell metabolism. West suggests that “a simple way to remember these shifts is that an exercising muscle (increased metabolic demand), is acid, hypercapnic and hot, and it benefits from increased unloading of oxygen from its capillaries.”8...
Epicardium.The epicardium or the visceral andoutermost layeris actually a part of the heart wall. Myocardium.The myocardium consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whirled into ringlike arrangements and it is the layer that actually contracts. ...
Diabetic macular edema (DME), a serious eye complication caused primarily by hyperglycemia, is one of the major causes of blindness. DME, which is characterized by cystic retinal thickening or lipid deposition, is prone to relapse after successful treatm
In the late 1980s, Furochgott and Zawadzki (1980) found that vascular endothelial cells produce a substance which may induce vascular smooth muscle relaxation. In 1987, it was confirmed, and named the CM 17 endothelial cell-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)[18]. Subsequently, it was discovered ...
山东大学:《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源(PPT课件讲稿,人体生理学 Human Physiology)Chapter 2 Function of the Cell section 3 Muscle Contraction.ppt 山东大学:《医学生理学 Medical Physiology》课程教学资源(PPT课件讲稿,人体生理学 Human Physiology)Chapter 4 Cardiovascular Physiology Section 1 The...
Determinants of venous pressure Contraction of venous smooth muscle Sympathetic neurons Hormonal and paracrine vasodilators and vasoconstrictors Skeletal muscle pump Respiratory pump Venous valve Varicose vein(曲张静脉) Varicose vein great saphenous vein Venous flow is assisted by the skeletal muscle pump ...