Here the authors present a syntrophic vesicle system for selective transport of adenine nucleotides between ATP-producing and ATP-consuming nanoreactors. The platform can sustain synthetic cells, bionanoreactors and life-like entities with ATP.
The cells were filled with three parts Vermiculite #3 (Hummert International, Topeka, Kansas, USA) and one part Perlite Hort Grade Coarse (Hummert International, Topeka, Kansas, USA). The soil was dampened with water prior to planting and the seeds were planted at 1.3 cm depth. The trays...
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Exercise up-regulates multiple proteins within the hippocampus that have a defined role in energy metabolism, comprising enzymes involved in glucose catabolism, ATP synthesis and glutamate turnover [18]. In addition to the structural changes in the ageing brain, other cofactors have been attributed ...
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate Aβ: Beta-amyloid BBB: Blood-brain barrier cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CNS: Central nervous system CRP: C-reactive protein ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IFN-γ: ...
Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 581 83, Sweden; 2Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping, SE 581 83, Sweden; 3Department of Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Link...
(AMPK) also stimulates GLUT-4 transcription. Activated during exercise, AMPK phosphorylates key target proteins that control flux through various metabolic pathways. Furthermore, it has been found to be dependent on two metabolic ratios AMP/ATP and creatine/PCr [152]. Activation of AMPK through ...
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate Aβ: Beta-amyloid BBB: Blood-brain barrier cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CNS: Central nervous system CRP: C-reactive protein ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IFN-γ: ...
Frequently repeated, maximally intense physical exercise probably induces increased “adenylate level” and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) concentration in erythrocytes, thus stabilizing their cellular energy efficiency. In addition to the study of healthy individuals (athletes and non-athletes), the inclusion...
Moreover, using a mouse model of MS with overexpressed ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), Houdebine and colleagues [255] demonstrated a PA-dependent normalization of ABCA1 mRNA levels both in the brain and the cerebellum, with an improvement of myelin status. Actually, it has been ...