2021). But these two regulation modules regulate different LR development processes, in which ERF13 acts as a downstream effector of MPK14 in LR emergence, while the downstream effectors of MPK3/6 in both TMK1/4- and IDA-HAE/HSL2-mediated cascade signaling pathways remain unknown...
These observations implicate pI3K/AKT in the signaling cascade that results from HER-3 heterodimerization with overexpressed HER-2/ neu receptors in breast cancer cells. Amplification and/or overexpression of the HER-2/neu gene in breast cancers is associated with aggressive behavior and resistance to...
Phosphorylation is the most common and pleiotropic modification in biology, which plays a vital role in regulating and finely tuning a multitude of biological pathways. Transport across the nuclear envelope is also an essential cellular function and is i
1b and 3), although the relevant kinase, as well as the upstream signaling cascade for the phosphorylation of CCPG1 FIR2, remains to be elucidated in the future. Notably, the canonic LIR motif of P62 was well demonstrated to directly engage in the interaction with FIP200 Claw49, and ...
The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that the accumulation and deposition of Aβ is the primary cause of AD [70]. However as the density of tau inclusions strongly correlates with cognitive decline [63], the "tau hypothesis" proposes that pathogenic tau is the main toxic factor that drives ...
Singh M, Kondrashkina AM, Widmann TJ, Cortes JL, Bansal V, Wang J, et al. A new human embryonic cell type associated with activity of young transposable elements allows definition of the inner cell mass. PLOS Biology. 2023;21(6):e3002162. ...
E2 Ub-conjugating enzymes are critical in this cascade, as they regulate both the topology of the poly-Ub chains and the processivity of the polyubiquitination reaction45–47. The human genome encodes more than 40 E2s45–47, which catalyze attachment of Ub to different lysines on protein ...
One of the principal elements in the pathologic cascade is the excessive stimulation of the excitatory NMDA receptor, which initiates a broad array of potentially cytodestructive changes; most germanely, a disruption in the usually strict regulation of the intracellular calcium ion concentration. One ...
2). NMDA receptor-mediated stimulation of phospholipase A2 activates the arachidonic acid cascade system leading to the generation of oxygen radicals (Dumuis et al., 1988). Moreover, elevated intraneuronal Ca2+ levels activate peptidases, such as calpain I, which can catalyze the enzymatic ...
cascade, H2A is phosphorylated on S129 in yeast (abbreviated to γH2A)[20](Fig. 28.1). In this circumstance, it is bound by BRCT repeat or forkhead-associated domain (FHA)-containing proteins that are part of the signal cascade leading to activation of cell-cycle checkpoint. Coordination of...