Simulation results of self phase modulation and cross phase modulation obtained in OPTISYSTEM tool which is made by OPTIWAVE INC. are compared with each other. Formula for bit error rate (BER) is implemented in MATLAB and its value is obtained by taking the value of Q factor from the design...
9) implies that the HT method acts as a low-pass-like filter to the phase-modulation u(t). Here we consider two types of signals to illustrate the formula (Eq. 9) that describes the effect of Hilbert transform on the power spectra. First, let us consider the phase-modulated signal ...
First, it is well known that the volume formula of a geometric domain in terms of a phase function uɛ can be derived from the integral of the phase field uɛ, or more generally, the integral of gɛ(uɛ) where gɛ could take on an approximation of indicator function such that...
RegisterLog in Sign up with one click: Facebook Twitter Google Share on Facebook phase speed Encyclopedia Wikipedia or phase velocity n (General Physics)physicsthe speed at which the phase of a wave is propagated, the product of the frequency times the wavelength. This is the quantity that is...
The symmetric method involves employing DC sources of equal magnitudes, while still adhering to the formula indicated in Eq. (2) 43. In the binary method, the magnitudes of the DC sources are determined through an exponential progression of a binary factor. The ith DC source magnitude is ...
The O′ phase was treated in the same way using the formula (Si4+, Al3+)2(N3−, O2−)2(O2−)1. With this model the phase extends along a straight line from the Si2N2O point to the Al2O3 corner. The modelling of the liquid phase is most difficult. In an attempt to descri...
The rms phase error of the simple arctangent formula for various pairs of VI and WI as a function of the vibration initial phase fIJ, • • • • • • • • • • •• 46 3.4. The peak rms phase error (PRPE) of the simple arctangent formula for various w,....
refraction, called Snell’s Law [77]. When light is refracted into another medium from a vacuum, the rationof the incident angle\(\alpha \)to the sine of the refraction angle\(\beta \)is called the absolute refractive index of the medium, which can be expressed by the following formula...
Figure 3. Electron- and hole- mobilities as a function of the temperature as extracted from the MOSFET transconductance formula for a (a) n = 10 and a (b) 4-layers thick sample. In (a) magenta and blue markers depict electron- and hole-mobilities respectively, as extracted from...
We calculated phase-to-amplitude coupling (PAC) using the Modulation index (MI) as previously defined29,66. This was performed over the time period where we found a subsequent memory by emotion interaction within amygdala gamma broadband activity (0.41–1.1 s; Fig. 2b). First, for each...