The phase II or conjugative enzymes of drug metabolism catalyze the combination of a functional group in a drug molecule or its phase I metabolite with a small, water-soluble, endogenous molecule. Products of most phase II enzyme-catalyzed reactions are more water-soluble than the starting drug ...
Phase I metabolismPersonalized medicineOncologyAnticancer drugsEquivalent drug doses in anticancer chemotherapy may lead to wide interpatient variability in drug response reflected by differences in treatment response or in severity of adverse drug reactions. Differences in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and ...
In addition to the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2B6, other phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters may have an important role in the pharmacokinetics of EFV. Thus, the influence of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters on plasma EFV le...
events occurring during division cycle, there is no firm evidence that the initiation of DNA synthesis occurs after a sequence of discrete reactions. The alternative view, that initiation occurs when some unitary factor has accumulated to some crucial level, is also compatible with this figure, ...
R. et al. Adverse drug reactions and off-label and unlicensed medicines in children: a nested case–control study of inpatients in a pediatric hospital. BMC Med. 11, 238 (2013). PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Dunne, J. et al. Extrapolation of adult data and other data in ...
Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as toxicity occurring during cycle 1 that was assessed to be possibly, probably or definitely related to the study drug. DLT criteria included: grade ≥3 nonhematologic toxicity (except allergic reactions, alopecia, grade ≥3 diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting...
and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China Aim: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and generation of NADPH, which plays a key role in drug metabolism. ...
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic. However, its use is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is a prominent cause of acute liver failure, with APAP hepatotoxicity far exceeding other causes of acute liver failure in the Uni
The overall incidence of ADRs was similar between groups except ZSP1601 100 mg BID (ZSP1601 50 mg QD, 44.4%, 50 mg BID, 44.4%, 100 mg BID, 77.8%, and placebo, 33.3%). Table 2 Adverse events and adverse drug reactions to ZSP1601 Full size table The most common ADRs in ...
Malcolm J.York, inA Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Preclinical Drug Development, 2013 Acute Phase Proteins The varied reactions of the host to infection, inflammation, or trauma are collectively known as the acute phase response, and encompass a wide range of pathophysiological responses such as...