The concentration of local anesthetics in blood is determined by the rate of absorption from the site of injection, the rate of tissue distribution and the rate of metabolism and excretion of the particular agent. In addition, other patient related factors such as age, cardiovascular status, and...
Pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics. The introduction of the new long acting local anaesthetics, bupivacaine and etidocaine, has stimulated an expansion of interest in regional anaesthesia, pa... 藤森,貢 - 《Jjsca》 被引量: 224发表: 1986年 Pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics. The primary aim...
The introduction of the new long acting local anaesthetics, bupivacaine and etidocaine, has stimulated an expansion of interest in regional anaesthesia, particularly for obstetrical applications and pain therapy. Systemic toxicity following injection of local anaesthetics occurs albeit infrequently, and tenta...
The peak concentration of was not evident until 60 minutes after injection. The mean concentration was 0.44 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml (range, 0.20 to 0.77 micrograms/ml; convulsive level, 4.5 to 5.5 micrograms/ml). These findings may justify the use of larger volumes of these local anesthetics ...
The effect of local anesthetics on the central circulation and respiration in man and dog. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 12: 153–169, 1968 Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Kambam JR. Handte RE, Flanagan J, Fisher K, Lupinetti M, et al. Intrapleural anesthesia for post thoracotomy ...
Over the last decades, in parallel with the expansion of outpatient surgery, new locoregional anaesthetic and analgesic techniques have permitted an improvement of post-operative care. However, local anaesthetics expose patients to neurologic and cardiac toxicity risks when systemic concentration reaches hig...
In the last 15 years the role of opioids in anaesthesia management has undergone dramatic change. Initially used as premedicants, or adjuvants to inhalation anaesthetic agents or as analgesics for postoperative pain relief narcotics have now evolved into primary anaesthetic agents, primarily because of...
Body composition undergoes extensive change in the first few years of life, affecting the volumes of distribution. Neonatal myocardium calcium fluxes are altered, increasing the potential for cardiotoxicity with the potent long-acting local anesthetics. The amide group of local anesthetic agents remains ...
Minor routes of excretion -Lungs: primarily for volatile anesthetics (gases) -Sweat -Saliva -Tears Excretion through breast milk -Minor route in relation to the mother but very important route for the neonate -Can be toxic to the neonate ...
Patients were excluded prior to enrollment if they were less than 18 years of age, had a hypersensitivity to the study medication (linezolid) or anesthetics (lidocaine or lidocaine derivatives), were pregnant or breastfeeding, were receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or selective serotonin...