However, the per protocol analysis may have been subject to bias. Exclusion of non-compliers does not maintain the original comparability of treatment groups in baseline characteristics achieved after randomisation. If the treatment groups differ in their baseline characteristics it may result in ...
Selection biasAssessing per-protocol (PP) treatment efficacy on a time-to-event endpoint is a common objective of randomized clinical trials. The typical analysis uses the same method employed for the intention-to-treat analysis (e.g., standard survival analysis) applied to the subgroup meeting ...
In non-inferiority trials, there is a concern that intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, by including participants who did not receive the planned interventions, may bias towards making the treatment and control arms look similar and lead to mistaken claims of non-inferiority. In contrast, per pro...
Bias-Free Language Introduction This document describes briefly and lists the features supported on Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless LAN Controllers. Features in each Cisco IOS XE release Each feature is only mentioned in the release it was first introduced with subsequent rel...
To minimize selection bias, we conducted subgroup analyses according to treatment strategy (NAT completed with surgical resection versus US completed with adjuvant therapy) and analytic method (intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) and per-protocol analysis (PP))....
PP analysis is a comparison of treatment groups including only those patients who completed the treatment as originally allocated, although it is often criticised because of its potential to instil bias. A previous report from an RCT conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dehydrated human amnion/...
Another potential limitation is also the well-known risk of selection bias linked to voluntary participation such as in the present study. It has been shown in previous epidemiological studies that this can lead to a selection of healthy individuals with a high socioeconomic status. Whether or ...
potentially due to the randomness and bias introduced by its cell down-sampling procedure. Quantitative assessment of the similarity between the predicted dominant cell type and H&E staining image-based annotated layers using ARI and purity (Fig.3D) confirmed the best performance of SDePER. In add...
Questionnaire portions of this research were carried out entirely through the mail, with randomized blinded doses, and minimal direct contact between personnel and the participants; thus, it is not likely that investigator bias played a role. The winter was more severe during Study 2, so we ...
This associ- ation would bias single marker association tests, but composite interval mapping corrected for it. Several loci that aect male courtship song have been identi®ed in D. melanogaster (e.g. Peixoto & Hall, 1998). We intend to evaluate the role of these loci in contributing...