Smoking pack-years were also associated with type II diabetes in U.S. men (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01???1.12). In women population, however, associations were not found. Conclusions Early onset of smoking increases type II diabetic risk among men in South Korea and the U.S., and type II ...
This is equivalent to 15 pack years. To calculate it: Multiply the smoking years by the number of packs smoked daily. In our case, we multiply 0.5 pack per day × 30 years = 15 pack years. What is a 20 pack years smoking history? A 20 pack years of smoking history means smoking on...
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aThe radiologic and histopathologic patterns may be influenced by cigarette smoking. Biederer et al30 reported a trend toward a higher number of pack-years of smoking in those with pure reticular opacity vs those with predominant ground-glass opacity on HRCT scans, suggesting that smoking could be...
Based on current recommendations, 30+ pack-years of smoking are required for eligibility for low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening; former smokers must have quit within 15 years. We investigated whether current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years have similar lung cancer risks as eligible forme...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pack-years of smoking, metabolic biomarkers, and diet quality in male adults. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The extent of smoking was quantified in...
(CPD) and pack-years. As only pack-years estimate the total body burden of the presumed carcinogen, it is the single variable most relevant for characterising exposure and, thus, risk. Nevertheless, it is abundantly clear that pack-years alone does not fully describe smoking-related lung ...
就可以写成: Smoking can cause damage to your health.,同样如果想修饰damage,就可以再前面加“第①组”里面的形容词,比如: Smoking can cause severe damage to your health. 5.状语从句的省略 如果状语从句满⾜⼀下两个条件: ①状语从句的主语与主句的主语⼀致,②状语从句的谓语包含be动词,则可同时省略...
them were never smokers; 8.7% had a history of low smoking exposure, defined as less than 5 pack-years; 5.8% had a medium smoking history of 5-10 pack-years; 15% had a high smoking history, with more than 10 pack-years; and the smoking history of 10% of the patients was un...
Misunderstandings in the misconception on the use of pack-years in analysis of smoking. Br J Cancer. 2013;108(5):1218-1220... Peto,J - 《Br J Cancer》 被引量: 13发表: 2013年 Lifestyle and low-back pain. The influence of smoking and obesity. The authors examined associations between...