Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science Stacy Rosenbaum 159 Accesses Synonyms Brood defense; Nest defense; Offspring protection Definition Protecting progeny against threats that may cause resource loss, bodily harm, or deathIntroduction In most species, the risk of extrinsic mortality (mortality...
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia Yitayish Damtie enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia Berihun Assefa Dachew Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Rosa Al...
(larvae and juveniles). BRTs for purebred crosses were built using environmental covariates sourced from a single reef, i.e. crosses in which both parents were sourced from Curd reef incorporated environmental data from only Curd reef. Alternatively, hybrid crosses, by definition, have parents ...
from our comprehensive definition of non-cognitive skills, as we do not rely on possibly unreliable and incomplete phenotypic measures. Importantly, the parental indirect genetic effects we have identified may capture proximal forms of ‘nurture’ (e.g., a parent directly training their child’s co...
The inconsistent findings from sibling-comparison studies of schizophrenia may be due to the differences in ages of the samples (eg, a previous study18 was based on offspring born in 1955-1992) and different diagnostic criteria (ie, we used a broad definition of psychosis). Third, although ...
7,9,10 However, direct comparisons between findings from earlier studies and our study are difficult because of differences in study design, case definition, and prevalence of autoimmune diseases in various regions. Of note, most of the previous investigations did not consider the temporal ...
Also, if the same study used several definitions of exposure (e.g., a broad definition as ‘at least one dispensation’ and a more stringent definition as ‘two or more dispensations’), we extracted information that corresponded to more valid exposure data (i.e., if collected under more ...
Social competition and attendant stresses are by definition integral features of sexual selection and, as mentioned, the ability to cope with the rigors of competition is signaled in carotenoid-based and many other sexually selected traits. These rigors will trigger the release of stress hormones, su...
Definition HDP was defined as hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg) during pregnancy16. The type of HDP, such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, superimposed preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension, was not documented in the NRNJ data...
Variables definition Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM cases were identified between 24 and 28 weeks’ gestation by conducting OGTT, which period is considered as the optimal period to make GDM diagnosis. According to the 2014 National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of...