To model the determinants, we use a dynamic panel data model estimated with a system GMM estimator. The data are taken from a panel of OECD countries for the period of 1970-2004, measured as five-year averages. To our knowledge this paper is the first to investigate whether the ...
First, we introduce indicators of innovation input and technological specialization simultaneously into the empirical growth equation. Second, we employ the system-GMM (Generalized-Method-of-Moments) panel estimator that controls for (a) the possible specification bias when variables are highly persistent...
In the context of these econometrics problems, the SYS-GMM method is used in this study. The Sargan test was conducted to over-identify the constraints on the validation of the instruments. The Sys-GMM estimator method’s effectiveness is further validated by analyzing the autocorrelation of the...
The industry-level estimates of social return are valid only if returns to scale are constant and all firms within an industry face a common factor price (Griliches, 1992). When these assumptions hold, the within-industry social returns are expected to be higher than private returns as the ...
The regression equations are estimated by Blundell and Bond's GMM system estimator. Our results indicate that all the research hypotheses have been positively verified. 展开 关键词: Financial development Economic growth European Union Panel data Empirical analysis ...
Table 5. (Dynamic) Common correlated effects estimator — (CS-ARDL). VariablesCoefficientP-Value Empty CellCoefficientP-Value Short-run resultsLong-run results IS −1.019 0.000*** IS −.1015 0.000*** FI 0.147 0.022** FI 0.148 0.022** Y 0.595 0.000*** Y 0.593 0.000*** C −0.279 ...
Unlike the standard mean regression estimator, quantile regression estimators are robust to outliers and distributions with heavy tails. Therefore, we choose to employ the quantile regression approach to detect whether the impact of the tax burden on CO2 emissions is heterogeneous across the countries ...
This indicates that the estimator of the pooled model probably has very little bias. 4.4Non-Spherical Errors The OLS estimator assumes spherical errors. Consequently, we must test the assumption of homoskedasticity and error independence in the panel regressions. We consider three cases of non-...
This paper focuses on examining the effects of per capita environmental technology development on the load capacity factor (LCF) within the context of OECD member countries during the period spanning 1990 to 2021. To investigate these relationships, we employ the AMG estimator and FM-LS estimator....
Chang and Chen (2016) 99 countries 1981 to 2006 GDP per capita, ecological footprint and urbanization Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator The environment will be impacted as nations strive for economic progress, and developed nations may participate in more environmentally destructive activiti...