The onset of the industrial revolution has brought about a major social and economic transformation on a global scale and this transformation has also had an impact on the environment. In this study, the Ecolog
Therefore, this increased focus is apparent in collaborative efforts such as the 2015 Paris Agreement, which highlights ambitious attempts to tackle global warming. The stringent regulations aimed at reducing emissions to address climate change necessitate the adoption of robust regulations and governing st...
Table 5. (Dynamic) Common correlated effects estimator — (CS-ARDL). VariablesCoefficientP-Value Empty CellCoefficientP-Value Short-run resultsLong-run results IS −1.019 0.000*** IS −.1015 0.000*** FI 0.147 0.022** FI 0.148 0.022** Y 0.595 0.000*** Y 0.593 0.000*** C −0.279 ...
As the countries take on the given challenges, the transition to green growth then emerges, not just as a policy option but as an imperative for sustainable development. Often, OECD countries set an example at the frontier of technology and economic development with green energy and green ...
The exceptional rise in overall economic activities has deteriorated environmental sustainability around the world. However, countries around the globe are
This test is used to evaluate the consistency of an estimator and can also be applied to differentiate between fixed effects and random effects models. The random effects model is preferred under the null hypothesis due to higher efficiency, whereas the fixed effects model is preferred if the ...
Along with the panel fixed effect estimation, we also employ the panel ARDL-PMG estimator (Pesaran et al.1997,1999) which is suitable for our study because we are interested in understanding the long-run link between real house prices and labour productivity growth. The ARDL method is more ap...
Large parts of the literature rely on GDP as a universal measure of development. Economic growth, for example, improves local incomes as well as the state’s ability to provide public goods. A priori, the overall influence of development on emigration is ambiguous. If local livelihoods improve,...
the authors carried out a comprehensive econometric analysis, based on the fixed-effect model, the random-effect model and the feasible generalized least squares estimator, as well as a battery of tests to prevent problems of multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of the error terms....
This indicates that the estimator of the pooled model probably has very little bias. 4.4Non-Spherical Errors The OLS estimator assumes spherical errors. Consequently, we must test the assumption of homoskedasticity and error independence in the panel regressions. We consider three cases of non-...