DSM-IV, unlike ICD-10, provides criteria for diagnosing nicotine withdrawal as a separate nicotine-related disorder. Nicotine withdrawal, as a diagnostic criterion of nicotine dependence, is considered to be manifested either by: (1) the experience of the withdrawal syndrome described below; or (2...
Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; ICD-10, 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; SUD, substance use disorder; WRAADDS, Wender-Reimherr Adult Attention Deficits Disorders Scale; WRI, Wender-Reimherr Interview;...
This addiction is referred to as tobacco dependence in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), or tobacco use disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [2]. Besides nicotine, other components found in cigarettes, such as ...
Combining the "Law of Addiction" with a "one day at a time" recovery philosophy is all that's needed to remain free and keep our mind's priorities disorder arrested for life.The greatest unsolved mystery is why after having successfully quit for 5, 10 or even 30 years, it only takes ...
We further took into account that in the new \\{DSM\\} 5 alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence – and similar tobacco – will be collapsed into one category of “alcohol related disorder”. If added to the burden and cost calculations the substance use disorders rank on top of all ...
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, June Ruan W, Goldstein RB, Smith SM, Saha TD, Huang B: Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditi...
(p. 697). The inference that the number of cigarettes ever smoked is causally related to the ability to quit is false, however, as the two figures are not independent. The chance of being categorized as a current smoker in the survey was higher for those who smoked more in their life...
Alcohol-induced depression is causally related to (i) direct increase in GABAergic activities, (ii) direct decrease in Gluergic activities and associated decrease the intracellular concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+), and (iii) indirect modulation of DAergic, 5HTergic and AChergic activities [71...