It is a relatively stable metabolite. Cotinine is absent (or present in only minute amounts) in tobacco and in the nicotine replacement devices designed to deliver nicotine per se, i.e., chewing gum, skin patches, nasal sprays, and inhalers. Its presence in physiological fluids clearly ...
Cotinine testing:Exposure to nicotine leads to measurable levels of cotinine in the blood. Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine produced when nicotine is broken down in the body, primarily by the lungs, liver, and kidneys. It remains in the body longer (up to a few days) than nicotine, so...
Nicotine was administered orally in rat at a dose of 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days to determine what metabolite is closely related to the toxicity of nicotine in case of oral administration. Urine was collected for 24hrs and plasma was also collected in the weekend of each week to de...
Imbalances in NAD+homeostasis have been linked to aging and various diseases. Nicotine, a metabolite of the NAD+metabolic pathway, has been found to possess anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here we find that, independent of nico...
intake. Moreover, nicotine-induced body weight suppression is associated with specific changes in gut microbial composition, includingLactobacillusspp., and KetoB, a nicotine-sensitive gut microbiota metabolite, which could be linked to changes in host body weight, suggesting its potential role in ...
exhaled CO has a short half-life of around 4.6 ± 1.6 h meaning that it can only detect very recent smoking [73]. In addition, it is insensitive and light smoking and/or shallow inhalation may not be detected accurately [73,74]. Cotinine as the major metabolite of nicotine is not...
FIGURE 6.14.(A)Oxidative metabolism of nicotine.(B)Quantitative disposition of nicotine in smokers. [Reproduced with permission fromJacobet al., 1988.] View chapterPurchase book Preclinical Animal Studies NurithAmitai,AthinaMarkou, inBiological Research on Addiction, 2013 ...
Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and accounts for approximately 75% of all byproducts of nicotine metabolism [47, 48]. Cotinine can be detected in diverse body fluids such as urine, serum [49], cervical mucus [50], semen [51], saliva [52–54], and amniotic fluid [55]. ...
Among the es- sential amino acids, methionine is a principal metabolite for its functions, not only as a unit for protein synthesis, but also as the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, poly- amines and vitamins [66]. In this study, methionine, S- adenosylmethionine, polyamines and vitamin ...
we identified the human-relevant physiological concentration of nicotine by examining the serum level of cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, and a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure, in mice injected with 2 mg/kg of nicotine in time-dependent manner and found that the cotinine level ...