Abbreviations Ce C0 ∆G◦ ∆H◦ ∆S◦ FG k1 k2 KF KL Kd Qe Qt Qe, exp Qmax M-biochar MN-biochar MZ-biochar MO n T V Concentration of dyes at equilibrium (mg/L) Initial concentrations of dyes (mg/L) The Gibbs free energy (kJ/mol) The enthalpy (kJ/mol) The entropy ...