Brain RAS has been associated with physiological pathways, but is also associated with brain disorders. This review describes topics relating to the involvement of both systems in several forms of brain dysfunction and indicates components of the KKS and RAS that have been used as targets in ...
Tourette’s involves abnormalities in the brain’s motor and vocal pathways, leading to the manifestation of tics. These tics can be simple, involving brief and sudden movements or sounds, or complex, involving coordinated movements or vocalizations. The severity and frequency of tics vary significa...
(Siesjo, 1992) can activate diverse downstreamsignaling pathways, including the transcription factornuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB), regulating the expression of genes encoding a variety of proinflammatory proteins, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) andinducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS;Clemens, 2000...
or organic, amnesia.Neurological amnesiais caused by damage to the areas of our brain that create memories: thecortex— particularly in the temporal lobe — and thehippocampus. These parts of the brain make those neural pathways that convert brief sensory memories to long-term ones, as mentioned...
英语翻译Doctors said Jessica probably awork from the coma because her brain became accustomed to the pressure inside her skull and developed new neurological pathways to make up for ones she lost when half her brain was surgicall removed.
[36]. Moreover, our study indicated that nNOS-derived NO downregulates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression through both soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP and peroxynitrite ONOO(-)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathways, and thereby activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ...
20、cation, or toxin exposure, or a combination of these factors.Disorders of ConsciousnessAnatomical basis of alerting system(维持意识清醒的重要结构): 脑干上行性网状激活系统 (ascending reticular activating system) 广泛的大脑皮质神经元的完整性 (Cerebral cortex and the afferent pathways) (中枢整合机构...
This chapter describes the neurological examination to test the functioning of the various nerve pathways. The patient's co-operation will be required with many of the tests and therefore, it is very important that he knows what is required of him. Much of the examination may appear irrelevant...
The definition of PD does not include neurological signs suggesting more extensive injury of the motor or sensory pathways extending beyond the pigmental brain stem nuclei. These signs are suggestive of other neurodegenerative disorders, often termed atypical Parkinsonism. These include multiple system ...
These efflux transporters are neuroprotective, limiting the brain entry of neurotoxins; however, they could also restrict the entry of many therapeutics and contribute to CNS pharmacoresistance. Characterization of several regulatory pathways that govern expression and activity of ABC efflux transporters in...