Evaluation of the mean changes of hippocampal volumes shows that the hippocampus is about 4%–5% smaller in patients with MDD than in healthy con- trols[42]. Using in situ DNA end-labeling demonstrated slightly increased rate of apoptosis in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 areas of the ...
Women of childbearing age may present with a history of low socioeconomic status, lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, family history, weakness, fatigue, dyspnea due to anemia, diabetes, and drug intake for epilepsy. Diagnosis is usually made both prenatal and postnatal. Prenatal di...
For instance, CNS-specific type 1 T helper (Th1) cells secrete interferon gamma (IFNγ) following ischemic stroke to recruit immune cells into the CNS [119] and activate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which exacerbate CNS damage by inducing apoptosis via caspase activation and Fas ligand signaling [...
periphery of the vitreous while others form a plexus on the posterior surface of the lens. The hyaloid vasculature in mouse begins forming at approximately E12.5 as the optic fissure closes, and is normally resorbed over the first few postnatal weeks as the retinal vasculature grows out onto the...
(2021) in a monkey model describe BBB disruption with extravasation of fluid and albumin into extracellular space. The regional hypermetabolism corresponded to mild neuroinflammation, sporadic neuronal infection and apoptosis as well as increased glucose transporter-3 (GLUT-3) expression (Schreiber-...
Neocortex development has been extensively studied in laboratory rodents, most of them being born in an altricial state [65,76,108]. The offspring of highly altricial mammals are born in an immature state as they are usually relatively immobile, lack hair, possess closed eyes, and are unable ...
The dysfunction of MAP2 and TAU proteins affects the structure of microtubules, and it may eventually lead to the retraction of the neuronal processes and apoptosis [37,38]. Further studies are needed to investigate the dysfunction of MAP2 and TAU proteins in infected organoids. As expected, ...
This medium is commonly known as the conditioned medium and contains proteins, peptides, metabolites, and many more products usually secreted by the cells into the medium. For the purpose of this manuscript, we named this conditioned medium the “secretome”. We use the term “space CM” in ...
Neural tube closure depends upon the cooperation of several mechanisms: convergent extension of the neural plate, neuroepithelial apoptosis, neural crest cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The development and closure of the neural tube is completed 28 days after conception. If neural tube...