However, some of these approaches may lead to nasal toxicity and leaching of membrane components including proteins and enzymes, which may cause local irritation to the nasal mucosa [17]. Our group has pioneered the design of nasal nanocarriers based on phospholipid soft vesicles for rapid and ...
This study demonstrated that bile salts in vitro disrupted surfactant function and in vivo induced pulmonary irritation. Therefore, even though the bile salts did not affect the barrier integrity or viability of human airway epithelial cells at the tested doses, they have shown toxicity to some ...