Introduction:Motor and swallowing dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis (MS) unbalance calorie intake and energy expenditure, modifying nutritional status. Only one study has described nutritional status in MS patients at early disease stages (median Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]=3), but this ...
For the first time, some of the disability associated with the early stages of multiple sclerosis appears to have been reversed. The treatment works byresetting patients’ immune systems using their own stem cells. While randomised clinical trials are still needed to confirm the findings, they offe...
Innovative pro-regenerative treatment strategies for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), combining neuroprotection and immunomodulation, represent an unmet need. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) transplanted in animal models of multiple sclerosis have sho
At later stages of multiple sclerosis, there is a massive influx of immune cells at the lesion in the CNS, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages. In human lesions of multiple sclerosis, macrophages and CD8+ T cells also inflict damage on blood vessels, where the result is a breakdow...
Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis in both relapsing and progressive disease. Scheme representing the major cells and molecules that play a role in the two different stages of MS. The dashed line allows comparison of the differences between relapsing and progressive MS. Arrows indicate release, while inhi...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is classified into different types and progressive stages of the disease. Learn more about each type and their characteristics.
Multiple sclerosis affects 2.5 million people worldwide, including 400,000 Americans. Get in-depth multiple sclerosis information here on symptoms and treatments of MS.
multiple sclerosisAssessment and application of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) techniques in a two-phase process are described. The patient is a 35-year-old male with advanced multiple sclerosis. Emphasis is placed on special considerations for intervention in the end stages of ...
To some extent, the characteristic imaging appearances of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differ from those seen in multiple sclerosis, primary progressive inflammatory demyelination and the leucodystrophies. However, as pointed out in Chapter 7, these differences do not in themselves provide a ...
The association between structural brain damage and functional cognitive impairment is substantially weaker in multiple sclerosis patients with a low disease burden. Therefore, disease stage should be taken into consideration when interpreting associations between structural and cognitive measures in clinical ...