Many people think that inequalities cannot be considered over the field C of complex numbers. And really, on does not possess an order to make it an ordered field. But other orders exist and can be successfully used for getting answers to some questions which remain unanswered ...
As will be discussed below, complex systems with emergences have problems with causality. At the level of a main process, we cannot sometimes determine the cause of events. As a last note to the concept of emergence, we introduce here an unfortunate concurrence with the term “emergency.” ...
The world around us is brimming with complex systems and social issues like crime and drug abuse are prime examples. To understand these intricate problems, scientists rely on a powerful tool: mathematical modeling. These models act like virtual laboratories, allowing researchers to simulate real-life...
We emphasize that, though much simplified with respect to the full PDE model, this system of ODEs can generate complex features. As we already pointed out in our previous article (Berestycki et al. 2021) rebounds appear as part of the intrinsic dynamics of the epidemics even without variants...
A new type of fuzzy relational inequalities with addition-min composition operator was first introduced by Li and Yang in 2012 [18] to model the BitTorrent-like P2P file-sharing systems. Show abstract Algebraic formulae for solving systems of max-min inverse fuzzy relational equations 2023, ...
The increasing floating population across regions has a tremendous potential for spreading infectious diseases, TB migration flows can be used to reflect the details of the highly complex dynamics of the disease transmission and its spatial heterogeneity [49,50]. In this study, we used TB flow dat...
By Eq. (21), the optimal connecting point satisfies the following inequalities at : (G.1)From Theorem 1, more or the same number of captive travelers use public transit at after the introduction of e-hailing services than before. Formally, (G.2)holds. By Definition 5 and Assumption 7, ...
producing outputs in relation to inputs through processes endogenous to the system. Changes in one variable will impact all other variables of the system, with possible lagged and multi-scale effects. Outcomes thus emerge from the complex interactions among system elements, potentially including natural...
Using this quiz and attached worksheet, you can evaluate how well you understand functions with a degree of 2. The quiz will assess your understanding of concepts like using quadratic functions to model problems involving velocity and degrees. ...
COVID-19 has been a global pandemic that has persisted for over three years, with no signs of slowing. The continuous mutation and evolution of the virus poses challenges in containing its spread1. In addition, social distancing and other mitigation measures are becoming increasingly difficult to...