Human cerebral organoids undergo vascularization and maturation in the mouse brain. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to small brain-like structures known as brain organoids offers an unprecedented opportunity to model human brain developme
2. TBI develops as a two-stage process. The first stage is a mechanical injury of brain tissue that directly leads to neuronal death. At present, surgery is the first choice for treatment during this stage3,4,5. The second stage includes spreading of the damage and deterioration of the...
The new model posits that when the brain receives visual input, it quickly performs a series of computations that reverse the steps that a computer graphics program would use to generate a 2-D representation of a face or other object. This type of model, known as efficient inverse graphics (...
The activity of midbrain dopamine neurons, as reflected in levels of extracellular dopamine concentration and the fMRI BOLD signals in their target areas, is hypothesized to represent a reward prediction error [1] or, alternatively, confidence in a prediction of a desired outcome [2]. The firing...
This model, reproduced here as Fig. 1, purports to show the percentage of variance in well-being that is explained by each of three sources of variation (which Lyubomirsky et al. referred to as "factors"): genetic predisposition (which was labeled the "happiness set point" by ...
At present, approximately 4000 odorants have been labeled with their corresponding odor. The smells of odorants have been labeled with odor descriptors (ODs), such as ‘sweet,’‘fruity,’ and ‘green.’ These data introduce the possibility of using data-driven approaches in molecular structure-...
The reproductive behaviors of many insects are coordinated by the synthesis and release of species-specific volatiles that communicate the location of potential mates. Given their biological importance, structural elucidation of these compounds (i.e., se
We labeled an epoch as ‘bad’ if its variance was 20 times smaller or 20 times larger than the median variance across all epochs and sensors. If more than 20% of the epochs were labeled bad for a given sensor, then we removed the entire sensor from analysis. If more than 20% of ...
However, MANF does not penetrate the blood–brain barrier. So far, MANF therapy has been administered by intracranial delivery, which is highly invasive and thus not a realistic approach for therapeutic use. Intranasal delivery of several other proteins is neuroprotective in rat and mouse transient...
The general method of PET is to inject glucose, protein, nucleic acid, fatty acid, labeled short-lived radionuclide and other substances into the human body to detect the metabolic activity and protein precipitation of human (Dani et al., 2016). 18F-AV-1451 PET (Tau-PET), a novel PHF-...