Compared with integrated microfluidics, co-culture on modular microfluidics has better flexibility and applicability. For example, when studying the co-culture of different tissues under the same conditions, it is difficult to achieve tissue maturation under different conditions and co-culture under the ...
Wax-printed paper microfluidics integrated with flexible opto-electronics (micro-LEDs and photodetectors) provide reliable, quantitative optical transmittance analysis (Fig. 1A–B). Automated sample preparation, calibration, blood sensing and timing ensure that our device is simple enough for use in ...
2. Integrated Microfluidic Systems Integrated microfluidic system have the specific characteristics of integrating multiple analytical processes in a signal device [41]. The external physical techniques (such as optical, electrical, acoustic, and magnetic fields) that are introduced into microchips help mak...