Memory refers to the storage of learned information in the brain, and is crucial for adaptive behavior in animals [1]. Understanding the material basis of memory remains a central goal of modern neuroscience [2]. The hypothetical material basis of learned information, the memory engram, was firs...
we integrate recent progress in the engram field to illustrate how engram neurons transform across the “lifespan” of a memory — from initial memory encoding, to consolidation and retrieval, and ultimately to forgetting. To do so, we first ...
2,3. However, the definition of forgetting has transitioned in the past ten years. Reactivating engram cells in AD mice with APP/PS1 mutation and in protein synthesis inhibition-induced amnesia mice led to the recall of freezing
Stability of engram cell connectivity contributes to memory storage and is therefore necessary for the normal process of memory retrieval. But the efficacy of memory retrieval is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as cue availability and cue competition (Riccio et al., 1984). The ...
Memory engram storage and retrieval. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015;35:101–9. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Root CM, Denny CA, Hen R, Axel R. The participation of cortical amygdala in innate, odour-driven behaviour. Nature. 2014;515(7526):269–73. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central ...
transgenic mouse models of early Alzheimer's, direct optogenetic activation of hippocampal memory engram cells results in memory retrieval despite the fact that these mice are amnesic in long-term memory tests when natural recall cues are utilized, revealing a retrieval, rather than a storage ...
In contrast to hippocampal-dependent memories that consolidate within hours, mPFC-dependent memories generally take weeks to consolidate and contribute to memory storage and retrieval [97]. Structurally, mPFC engram neurons take multiple weeks to display learning-mediated increases in dendritic spine densit...
Storage Process of maintaining information in memory over time Retrieval Process of bringing to mind previously encoded and stored information Semantic Encoding Process of storing words and meaning by relating new information to existing knowledge Visual Encoding Process of storing new information by convert...
“Engram” is roughly equivalent to “memory trace,” the term used by some contemporary neuroscientists. Semon’s memory engram theory was built on two fundamental postulates termed the “Law of Engraphy” and the “Law of Ecphory” for memory storage and memory retrieval, respectively. The ...
Synaptic plasticity, engrams, and network oscillations in amygdala circuits for storage and retrieval of emotional memories. Neuron. 2017;94:731–43. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar LeDoux JE. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2000;23:155–84. Article CAS PubMed Google ...