Non-significant results imply that the mediation effect may not be a substantial component of the total effect or that with the sample size statistical power is not high enough to detect it. Given these findings, further investigation is needed, and the data should be re-run as the ...
Conversely, when the value 0 is encompassed within the CI, the indirect effect is deemed not significant, indicating no significant association between the considered variables. In situations where the 95% confidence intervals for the direct and total effects are not significant (i.e., the value ...
If ĉ′ is not significant, the effect is said to be completely mediated, such that the effect of X on Y is conveyed entirely through the modeled mediator. If ĉ′ remains significant, the effect is said to be partially mediated. Although the causal steps procedure provides an elegant ...
The analysis employed inverse probability weighting (IPW) to assess the causal effect of WI on ICT skills while investigating the mediating role of education in this cause-and-effect relationship through causal mediation analysis. The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between higher economic...
Although TC still caused an increase in SBP in the females, its total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect were not statistically significant (Table 3). Table 3 Mediation effect of BaPWV in the association between TC levels and SBP. Full size table Discussion In this large community-...
Our results indicated that the higher the family’s SES, the higher the academic achievement and resilience, and the lower the adolescents’ depression. Meanwhile, we also found that PSC’s total indirect effect on the relationship between family SES and adolescents’ QoL is significant and positiv...
If a statistical model is extensively utilized, it is quite important to ensure that the model will not conclude a spurious effect. A spurious effect refers to a null effect that is incorrectly found to be significant due to statistical artifacts (Lubinski & Humphreys, Citation1990). Under some...
In the Baron and Kenny [1] approach, a significant total effect c was con- sidered necessary for mediation to hold. However, this no longer is considered necessary [11]. There can be a nonzero indirect effect even when the total effect is non- significant [38]. However, model (1) ...
Firstly, as noted above, significant interaction effects between physical activity and the mediator or other variables (e.g., personal characteristics) may theoretically result in a nil total effect of physical activity on mental health (Judd & Kenny, 1981; Kraemer et al., 2002). For example,...
Based on the criteria, total sample used in this study was 60 samples. Investment opportunity set (IOS) had positive and significant effect on firm value. On the other hand, proportion of independent commissioners did not affect firm value. It could be because the effectiveness of the function...