If a Likert scale statement is worded negatively, the scoring of this item needs to be recoded so that its score values are the opposite of the values of a statement that is positively worded. Under a null hypothesis, a sample value yields ...
Formulae used for the intra-class correlation coefficient varied across studies. Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were often used to handle the skew of variables such as SOL and WASO. Other methods included the delta coefficient [171], partial correlation and factor analysis [...