An aberrant polarisation of CBMΦ can also be caused by immune cell populations specific for the neonatal period of life. CD71+ erythroid cells as well as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were described to reduce pro-inflammatory processes after bacterial infections13,14. The exact role ...
However, alveolar macrophages can also secrete factors called chemotaxins that attract PMN to the airways, and this supports a central role for alveolar macrophages in the regulation of PMN traffic in the lungs. Thus, secretory products of alveolar macrophages are part of the regulatory mechanisms ...
STATs, NF-κB, and SOCS. The downstream protein STAT6 is krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4). Also, macrophage polarization can be induced by GO (graphene oxide)
Sources of cellular carriers can be not only circulatory cells but also bone marrow-derived macrophages, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, as well as dendritic cells derived from bone marrow or blood [6]. Therefore, our research were conducted on mouse macrophages from the RAW264.7 and J774A....
Thymic epithelial cell lines that mediate positive selection can also induce thymocyte clonal deletion. Negative selection of potentially autoreactive thymocytes occurs mainly in the thymus and is thought to be induced primarily by interaction with bone marrow-derived cells. However, some studies have al...
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We found members of a wild rodent species, Sigmodon hispidus , to also be extremely resistant to bacterial endotoxin challenge. Intravenous administration of up to 100,000 μg/kg body mass of Escherichia coli O26:B6 endotoxin did not cause lethality in adult S. hispidus . In contrast to ...
It should be noted that C. albicans mutants that cannot make hyphae but activate pyroptosis have also been reported (O’Meara et al., 2015). The same authors also showed that inflammasome activation can occur with C. albicans still in the phagosome (O’Meara et al., 2018). These studies...
Chitinase 3-like 3 (CHI3L3); also called Ym1; is a secreted protein that lacks enzymatic activity of chitinase (hence it is name) that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond in chitin; a polysaccharide component of fungal walls of and helminths. Despite lacking the enzymatic activity that can protect...
simple surgery and locoregional irradiation can hardly eliminate bone metastatic tumor cells completely. Chemotherapy has evolved as a cornerstone for primary and bone metastasis treatment, but it is also limited by poor tumor specificity and chemo-protective natures7,8of the bone microenvironment. Conseq...