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Sources of cellular carriers can be not only circulatory cells but also bone marrow-derived macrophages, peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, as well as dendritic cells derived from bone marrow or blood [6]. Therefore, our research were conducted on mouse macrophages from the RAW264.7 and J774A....
STATs, NF-κB, and SOCS. The downstream protein STAT6 is krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4). Also, macrophage polarization can be induced by GO (graphene oxide)
The fact that various immune cells,including macrophages,can be found in tumor tissues has long been known.The role of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)is now beginning to be elucidated.TAMs act as"protumoral macrophages",contributing to disease progression.TAMs can promote initiation and metastasis...
Chitinase 3-like 3 (CHI3L3); also called Ym1; is a secreted protein that lacks enzymatic activity of chitinase (hence it is name) that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond in chitin; a polysaccharide component of fungal walls of and helminths. Despite lacking the enzymatic activity that can protect...
Tyro3 can also be called RSE, BYK, Etk-2, Dtk, Rek, Sky and Tif. Fig. 1 The structure of the TAM receptors and their shared ligands Gas6 and Protein S. a Tyro3, Axl and MerTK share a similar structure of two IgL domains, two FNIII domains and an intracellular TKD. b Gas6 ...
PTx can block Gαi signaling in AMs for up to 2 weeks (Carbonetti et al., 2007) but did not have inflammatory side effects in the lungs, as assessed by measuring the number of neutrophils present in the BALF and whole-lung homogenates. PTx also did not affect AM behavior or numbers ...
It should be noted that C. albicans mutants that cannot make hyphae but activate pyroptosis have also been reported (O’Meara et al., 2015). The same authors also showed that inflammasome activation can occur with C. albicans still in the phagosome (O’Meara et al., 2018). These studies...
The cell mediated immune response is the basis of the so-called natural host resistance to cancer, which is also referred to as "immunosurveillance". Although the concept of immunosurveillance has been much debated over the past decades, there is now no doubt that suppression of the immune ...
S100A9 expression is inhibited in the fibrotic liver, even under insult, which can also be ascribed to M2-like macrophage Similar to the inhibition of necroptosis signaling in fibrotic mice, S100A9 expression was probably suppressed in the fibrotic liver. As expected, S100A9 expression was sharply...