Integral to the process of amino acid conjugation is the formation of the CoA conjugate (Figure 1, (2)), which is catalyzed by any of the several ATP-dependent acid:CoA ligases. In mitochondria, there are short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain fatty acid CoA ligases (Bremer ...
Prior to any type of metabolic transformation, exogenous long-chain fatty acids (C 12 - C 18 ) must pass through the cell membrane. A saturable long-chain fatty acid uptake process that is effective at nanomolar concentrations has been described in a number of different cells type suggesting ...
In this study with an NMS rat model, metabolic profiling of feces and luminal contents of the GI tract of experimental animals was preformed to identify featured microbiota-derived metabolites. A group of saturated long-chain fatty acids (SLCFAs) was remarkably increased in the colon lumen and f...
Fatty acid CoA ligase (Facl, fatty acid CoA synthetase; AMP forming; EC 6.2.1.) catalyzes the formation of acyl-CoA through a process which requires fatty acid, ATP and coenzyme A as substrates. It performs key roles in various metabolic and regulatory processes, including lipid biosynthesis ...
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) with no less than 23 or 24 carbons are known to be endogenously synthesized as very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (VLCFA-CoA) through a fatty acid elongation process3. Then, VLCFA-CoA are incorporated into complex lipids, such as phospholipids (PL). Recently...
(acyl-CoAs), which are then integrated into metabolic pathways such as oxidation of acyl-CoAs to obtain ATP, storage in the form of triglycerides (TGA) or use as building blocks for other lipid molecules. The human genome contains 26 ACS genes divided into 6 distinct families: Short-chain...
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase FadE: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadH: 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase FadL: Long-chain fatty acid transport protein Fas: Fatty acid synthase (bacteria type) NMS: Neonatal maternal separation PCoA: Principal coordinate analysis ...
These data highlight that increases in skeletal muscle and blood plasma long-chain ceramides are associated with metabolic disease in mice and humans. Palmitate-induced lipotoxicity increases ceramide synthesis by the ceramide synthase 2 de novo pathway through the UPR kinase Perk...
Thus, targeting ACSL3 and FAO metabolic pathways might be exploited for therapeutic gain for CRC and other FAs- addicted cancers. Keywords: Acyl-CoA synthetases 3, Fatty acid β-oxidation, Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Metastasis, Colorectal carcinoma ...
The principal function ofperoxisomesis to house many metabolic pathways that are involved in various aspects oflipid metabolism. These includeenzymesinvolved in the degradativeoxidation(e.g.,β-oxidation ofvery long-chain fatty acids, 2-methyl-branched fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids,leukotrienes,bile ...