Carbapenems are a beta-lactam antibiotic class with a broad spectrum of activity that are structurally related to the penicillins. Examples include: meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin). Carbapenems are noted for their ability to inhibit extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes and...
First-generation cephalosporins inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and have the same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins). They disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer forming the bacterial cell wall. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall struc...
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins are semisynthetic modifications of natural penicillins and their basic structure includes a thiazolidine ring connected to a beta-lactam ring. Bacterial resistance to penicillins is mediated by beta-lactamase, an enzyme that destroys the beta-lactam ring ofpenicillin, ...
2b). Three of the high-frequency pharmacological subgroups (direct acting antivirals, other beta lactam antibacterials, and antidepressants) had a statistically different ratio of DILI-positive to DILI-negative drugs in DILIst compared with DILIrank (Fig. 2b; Table 1, Column 5) driven by the ...
Step therapy Step therapy requires a trial of one drug before advancing to other drugs. Certain drugs on the PDL are routinely covered only after a sufficient trial of an indicated first-line agent has been adequately tried and failed. While lower cost PDL alternatives may be appropriate in ...
Betalactamines 1containing penicillin G (penicillin V, penicillin F, a penicillin, ampicillin) are drugs used relatively common whose own indications are relatively large: Infections heart, skin, broncho-pulmonary, genital, ear, nose and throat, meningitis , digestive, bone, joint, urinary, Listerio...