The two transparent optical media that form an interface are distinguished from one another by a constant called the index of refraction, generally labeled with the symbol n. The index of refraction for any transparent optical medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum ...
Figure 1.Ray diagrams illustrating how light travels through the lenses of optical instruments: (a) and (b) convex lens; (c) human eye; (d) magnifying glass; and (e) compound microscope. The power of an objective is shown by its resolution. The resolution (R) of the objective lens is...
Samples were visualized on an Olympus FV-1000 confocal microscope on an IX-81 inverted microscope. Experimental light exposures For shipboard light exposure experiments, a control group remained in the dark, while two experimental groups were exposed to different levels of fluorescent room light. Room...
Additive manufacturing technology has significantly impacted contemporary industries due to its ability to generate intricate computer-designed geometries. However, 3D-printed polymer parts often possess limited application potential, primarily because o
requires preliminary knowledge about molecular players. To observe the rotation under a microscope, Yasuda et al. [18] fixed subcomplexes of F1 on surface-bound beads and attached a fluorescently labeled actin filament to each γ subunit of ATP synthase. These structures were mounted on cover glas...
cryoprotected in 30% sucrose and snap frozen. The entire hippocampus was cryosectioned at 60 μm in the coronal plane and every section mounted onto microscope slides. Hippocampal neurons stained with cresyl violet were quantified on a Zeiss inverted microscope with a 3-axis motorized stage to ...
A stereomicroscope 21, known per se, is depicted only schematically, the microscope objective here being labeled 23 and the zoom systems for the left and right stereoscopic channels being labeled 22. The side view of stereomicroscope 21 means that only one of the two stereo channels, and ...
Fig. 1: Open-top dual-view light-sheet microscope with examples of time-lapse acquisitions of various multicellular systems. a, Model of the dual-view light-sheet microscope, showing the incubator (IN), sample mounting area (SA), transmitted light (TL) and sample positioning unit (PS). Blue...
Light-sheet single-molecule 3D super-resolution microscopes can’t image close to a coverslip or may require complex apparatus. Here the authors overcome such limitations using a tilted light sheet strategy with long axial range point spread functions on a standard inverted microscope. ...
The LED20can further comprise a number of fourth three-dimensional structures (not labeled) located on the surface of the active layer220away from the first semiconductor layer210. A structure of the fourth three-dimensional structures can be the same as the structure of the second three-dimensi...