Unlike dopamine, levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine by the enzyme dopa decarboxylase. As the activity of this enzyme is greater in the periphery (eg. liver, kidneys, heart) than in the brain, much of the administered levodopa is converted to dopamine outside...
Levodopaor L-dopa is the gold-standardpharmacological therapyused to control motor symptoms ofParkinson's disease(PD). A major limitation of this therapy, however, are the motor complications, such as wearing off and LID, which commonly occur after a few years oflevodopatreatment (Calabresi et ...
Over the past years, drug developers have made several attempts to obtain a pharmacological preparation containing both fast release and controlled-release delivery systems. For example, Descombes et al. [9] reported encouraging results in 16 PD patients treated with a three-layer tablet combining fa...
These results suggest that an additional pharmacological effect can be expected with 100 mg of safinamide. Sodium channel inhibition might contribute to this additional improvement. Of the results from various measurements, an improvement in the UPDRS Part II (OFF-phase) score is important for ...
In order to further confirm the role of rno-miR-3065-5p and NGFR in LID, we measured the expression changes of rno-miR-3065-5p and NGFR in the striatum of LID rats within 10 weeks. As expected, rno-miR-3065-5p showed a trend of first increase and then decline, while the expression...
These procedures were abandoned in the late 1960s with the introduction of LD as an effective pharmacological treat- ment of PD. Over the past two decades, however, based on a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of PD (Albin et al, 1989; Crossman, 1989; Bergman et al, ...