The relative abundance of metal species in the atmosphere is roughly equal to the one exhibited in carbonaceous chondrites (Mason 1971). In addition to general background of extraterrestrial dust, meteor showers, that are pro- duced when the Earth crosses the dust stream left along a comet ...
In brief, previous strategies for increasing the photovoltage of Cu2O-based devices are mainly focused on improving the band alignment of the p-n junction interface and reducing the defects in Cu2O. In essence, it is mainly about optimizing the band alignment of the interface between Cu2O and th...
or other damage to the crown reinforcement of the tyre, travel along these channels through the said reinforcement. The presence of this humidity plays an important part in causing corrosion and accelerating fatigue (so-termed “fatigue-corrosion” phenomena), compared with use in a dry atmosphere...
Recovering volcanic records has been a major objective of some ocean drilling legs (e.g. IODP Expedition 340, ODP Expeditions 165 or 157), but more commonly the records are a by-product of expeditions focussed on other geoscience questions2. Visible tephra layers can provide significant stratigrap...
Questions regarding the interactions between the degree of drying of the pre-dry soil and the growth of replanted plants and cycles in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum still need to be answered. We hope that additional research will be conducted in the future in other environments in order ...
of: forming a layer of reactive material on the surface of the substrate, the reactive material being selected from the group of materials consisting of cadmium, selenium, and alkali earth metals; reacting a portion of the layer of reactive material with the copper-containing material of the ...
The precursor was first prepared using sequential electrodeposition of Cu, Zn, and Sn in different orders. The Cu/(Sn1Zn) ratio in each stacking order was also varied. The precursor was subjected to annealing at 2006C and sulfurization at 5006C in a 5%-H2S/Ar atmosphere for the formation...
Further, the flask with the samples was heated to 150 °C in an argon atmosphere (adsorptive gas) for 20 min. The following step was to measure the specific surface area of the samples through adsorption and desorption of gases with repetitions in 1 cycle and subsequent analysis. The ...
and the fluorescence of the QD films directly emitted to the detector in our PL system, as shown inFigure 3d. The energy level diagram of the NiO films is summarized inFigure 3e. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of ITO, NiO HIL, VB-FNPD and QD layers can be referred to in previous ...
(i) the deposition is carried out in an O2 atmosphere and at elevated Ts, which provides Mo oxidation inside the chamber during the growth process [53], (ii) the film oxidation is prepared in a vacuum with post-annealing at a moderate temperature (Ta) without the use of reactive O2 and...