Muller & Bony, 2015) in how low-level circulations condition the atmosphere for deep convection. However, due to the local nature of their study, effects of enhanced mid-level moisture on circulation and convective aggregation may have been missed. In fact, other observational studies over the ...
31,32,33,34]. In the simplest case of SMLs formed by two parallel incoming streams over a uniformly smooth bed (Figs.1and2) or rough bed, SMLs feature a streamwise decrease in velocity\(U_2\)combined with an increase in velocity\(U_1\), while the evolutions of\(\delta\)and\(y_c...
Recovering volcanic records has been a major objective of some ocean drilling legs (e.g. IODP Expedition 340, ODP Expeditions 165 or 157), but more commonly the records are a by-product of expeditions focussed on other geoscience questions2. Visible tephra layers can provide significant stratigrap...
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12951-7 OPEN Tail state limited photocurrent collection of thick photoactive layers in organic solar cells Jiaying Wu1, Joel Luke 2, Harrison Ka Hin Lee3, Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar1, Hyojung Cha 1, Soo-Young Jang1,4, Wing Chung Tsoi3, Martin ...
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12951-7 OPEN Tail state limited photocurrent collection of thick photoactive layers in organic solar cells Jiaying Wu1, Joel Luke 2, Harrison Ka Hin Lee3, Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar1, Hyojung Cha 1, Soo-Young Jang1,4, Wing Chung Tsoi3, Martin ...
carbon fibers or rubber that spreads the metal powder evenly over the build platform. The metal powder bed can be moved in a vertical axis. The process takes place in a processing chamber having a precisely controlled atmosphere. Once each layer is created, each two-dimensional slice of the ...
42.The method of claim 32, wherein said annealing the nitrided and oxidized silicon substrate and high dielectric layer comprises annealing the nitrided and oxidized silicon substrate and high dielectric layer in an atmosphere selected from the group consisting of an inert gas atmosphere, a heavy hy...
Charged particles can come directly from radioactive materials and cosmic rays, or indirectly as a result of high-energy particle interaction with the semiconductor itself. As high-energy cosmic rays and solar particles react with the upper atmosphere, high-energy protons and neutrons are generated ...
6C, the doped semiconductor layer 13 may be extended by diffusion in the semiconductor layer 7 by heating the resultant structure, e.g., in Ar or N2 atmosphere at 700 to 1,100° C. for 0.01 to 60 sec. The diffusion time is typically the time until the layer 13 is formed below the...