A mixing layer (ML) forms when two streams of different speeds or densities merge. MLs are ubiquitous in nature and can be often observed in the atmosphere, ocean, rivers, canals, lakes and reservoirs. This review paper focuses on the turbulent MLs developing in open-channel flows when the ...
The altitude of the layer, ∼120 km, is in agreement with the maximum for meteoroid ablation. Other ionization sources, such us direct impact ionization by electron precipitation or protons into the nightside, could also explain the nature of the lower ionospheric layer. 2.2 Mars The atmosphere...
Recovering volcanic records has been a major objective of some ocean drilling legs (e.g. IODP Expedition 340, ODP Expeditions 165 or 157), but more commonly the records are a by-product of expeditions focussed on other geoscience questions2. Visible tephra layers can provide significant stratigrap...
The films were deposited at 340 °C in air atmosphere and annealed at 450 °C for 60 min in air. ALD-TiO2 have been deposited by ALD deposition system, model R-200, PICOSAN. TiCl4 and deionized (DE) water were used as precursors for the deposition. The substrate temperature was set ...
During the course of the nitriding process, nitrogen atoms from the surrounding ionised gas atmosphere diffuse into the octahedral gaps of the iron microstructure. The contained iron and the alloy components react by forming nitrides [7]. Of particular importance are chromium–nickel (CrNi) carbides...
For that, the porous substrates were exposed to a flowing C2H4/N2 atmosphere inside a quartz tube reactor at 750 °C; by this method, the CNTs were grown on the cobalt nanoparticles during the decomposition of C2H4. In the next step, the LaCoO3 cathode was formed by the CAED method of ...
All experiments related to the PPy deposition process were realized in climatic room cooled down to the temperature of 15–16 °C in air atmosphere. In the case of the Peltier cell, which was used as a cold plate and the applied conditions, such as the cooling capacity of the cell and ...
Copper patinas formed in the atmosphere—I. Introduction. Corros. Sci. 1987, 27, 639–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Strandberg, H. Reactions of copper patina compounds—I. Influence of some air pollutants. Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32, 3511–3520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Strandberg, ...
Temperature measurements were performed within the range from 30 to 600 °C, with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a nitrogen atmosphere (50 mL/min) in a corundum crucible with an insert and one hole in the lid. Absorption measurements were performed by an Evolution 300 Thermofisher ...
A laser wavelength of 355 nm was used in both cases to obtain the nanoparticles in an irradiation chamber with a controlled He atmosphere. A Fe target was irradiated in 400 Torr He, and the resulting nanoparticles were collected on a membrane (Merck Millipore Isopore; 0.1 µm pore size; ...