Such a system is, in general, stochastically unstable. Moreover, its phase-space volume at asymptotically large time expands. This can be described by considering the local expansion exponent. Several examples illustrate that the stability indices and expansion exponents of quasi-isolated systems are...
A formalism is developed to describe the normal mode relaxation times of the coupled reaction system in terms of total concentrations of both AcCh and receptor binding sites. The analysis also allows one to determine the stoichiometry of the reactions involved or to estimate a molecular weight of...
However ψ̄(r) also depends on J, so this may be used to express the free energy of the system as a power series in ψ̄(r) [or ψ̄(q)], and the vertex functions involved were calculated using a random phase approximation. This led to the result (40) This corresponds to ...
Direct experimental observations of the interface structure can provide vital insights into heterogeneous catalysis. Examples of interface design based on single atom and surface science are, however, extremely rare. Here, we report Cu–Sn single-atom surface alloys, where isolated Sn sites with high ...
Alcalase, neutrase, and protamex are examples of these applicable enzymes of microbial origin, while pepsin, trypsin, and alpha-chymotrypsin have an animal origin and are extensively used to produce these compounds. The operating conditions of enzymatic reactions, such as incubation temperature, pH, ...
We synthesized and characterized two magnetically isolated spin ladders, Cu_2(CO_3)(ClO_4)_2(NH_3)_6 (1) and Cu_2(CO_3)(ClO_4)_2(H_2O)(NH_3)_5 (2), which are the first examples of carbonate bridging molecular spin ladders. Compounds 1 and 2 form a ladder configuration by ...
Plasma membrane vesicles constitute a simpler experimental system for studying transport compared to cells or intact tissue. The principal advantages of the vesicle approach are the elimination of metabolism as a complicating factor and the ability to control the composition of the solutions on both sid...
Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were purified by silica gel column chromatography using a Büchi automated flash chromatography system (New Castle, DE, USA) with 25 g Sepacore silica gel cartridges. At a flow rate of 25 ml min − 1, 100% n- hexanes was eluted for the first min of the column...
officinalis on osteoblast differentiation in cultures of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells as an in vitro assay system. Studies have demonstrated that increased oxidative stress is involved in osteoporosis, caused by aging and estrogen deficiency [13]. In the present study, we found that treatment of 0.3...
Although most of times, the matrix-to-sample ratios could not be determined precisely (when pre-mixing could be done matrix- to-solute ratios higher than 1500:1 were systemati- cally used), we were able to prepare samples in which monomeric species were almost exclusively formed by choosing ...