Retained profits by SOEs only benefit managers and employees in these firms, not the general public who are their true owners. The empirical analysis indicates that high levels of compensation by SOEs contributed to rising inter-industry income disparity. To boost domestic demand, it is essential ...
The disparity in smoking prevalence was even greater when compared to higher-income groups (Wang et al., 2018). Nationally, although smoking prevalence has decreased among all income groups, the greatest declines have been among higher-income groups (Drope et al., 2018; Agaku et al., 2019)...
A significant contributing factor to American income inequality is a disparity inearnings by race. The differences are stark. Controlling for other factors, a 2024 study by Payscale points to a gender pay gap for Black women of $0.80 for every $1 earned by White men. Black men earned 84.6...
Nonetheless, once levels of income inequality reach a state of high-income disparity, the correlation between renewable energy consumption and the reduction in energy intensity significantly depreciates. This likelihood may be due to the fact that under conditions of extreme income disparity, a ...
Overall, the diffusion of ICT has lessened the influence of income disparity on economic growth. According to the Generalized Method of Moments estimates, a 1% increase in ICT diffusion in SSA will improve GDP growth by 1.42% and 1.01%, respectively. Consequently, the ICT-growth hypothesis is ...
As evidenced by our results, innovation could reduce income disparity in China during most of the sample periods. 6.2.2. The interaction effects of innovation and financial permeation We use Eq. (5.4) to explore the interaction effects between financial penetration and innovation, the results are ...
social disparityandincomeinequality. daccess-ods.un.org daccess-ods.un.org 经社会强调发展必须以人为本,实行善政和促进卫生、教育、 技能开发、创造体面工作、性别平等和增权等公共政策,以及各种提高社会 保护和社会正义的各种措施,并同时应对社会差异和收入不平等日益扩大的 挑战。
1c demonstrate how globalisation and export trade buffer the positive association between technological innovation and income disparity, respectively. In developing countries, the positive moderating effect of export trade and the negative moderating effect of economic growth and globalisation are all evident...
If two able-bodied people live next door to each other, and one works and the other chooses to live off universal basic income checks, albeit at a lower standard of living, I wonder if this disparity can last. One neighbor feels like she is paying for the other, and indeed she is. ...
The main result is that the two reforms of Personal Income Tax favoured only the rich and increased the disparity. The income distribution shows a country split in three different zones that progress at three different speeds: the North, the Centre and the South. The differences between this ...