Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a well-known Al-accumulating plant, showing a high level of aluminum (Al) tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance and accumulation are poorly understood. We carried out transcriptome analysis of tea plant leaves in response to three different ...
Glucose metabolism is essential for insulin secretion, coupling changes in blood glucose to fluctuations in insulin release. In non-diabetic β-cells, glucose uptake and its subsequent phosphorylation by glucokinase drive glycolysis and pyruvate generation10. Pyruvate enters mitochondria, where it is oxidi...
4c). The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is a circular, double-free DNA. The copy number of mtDNA is a biomarker of mitochondrial function and is associated with changes in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane potential [44, 45]. Therefore, we measured the mtDNA ...
We have studied the role of phosphorylation in the activation of metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) and metallothionein (MT) gene expression. We showed that MTF-1 is phosphorylated in vivo and that zinc stimulates MTF-1 phosphorylation 2–4-fold. Several kinase inhibitors were used...
1. Costa-Mattioli, M. and Walter, P. (2020) The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease. Science 368 (6489). 2. Starck, S.R. et al. (2016) Translation from the 5' untranslated region shapes the integrated stress response. Science 351 (6272), aad3867. ...
Akt, activated by PI3K, is the primary mediator of PI3K-initiated signaling. It regulates cell survival through the phosphorylation of a variety of downstream targets such as pro-apoptotic proteins, transcription factors, and another protein kinase (Mahesh et al., 2012, Guo et al., 2015, Wu ...
Therefore, oxidative stress is considered to be an important toxicological mechanism of cadmium. Considering the important role of oxidative stress in the toxicological mechanism of cadmium, with the deepening of understanding, how the body regulates oxidative stress through self-regulation has become a ...
Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate. Upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) may represent a key mechanism for evading immune surveillance. Immune checkpoi
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cyc
Kainate-receptor-dependent presynaptic LTP in the ACC contributes to pain-related anxiety. The mechanism for neuropathic pain is linked to the expression of LTP in the ACC. Upregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors is found in chronic neuropathic pain conditions. Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyc...