A.每个质子易位导致形成1 个ATP B. ADP和Pi结合到L构象的蛋白结构单元体。C. ATP结合到O构象的蛋白结构单元体。D. ATP合成酶不是通过质子为驱动的酶 E.所有三个蛋白结构单元体周期通过同一构象同时进行
2a, b). Half of the integrin α subunits (i.e., α1, α2, α10, α11, αD, αX, αM, αL) contain a domain of 200 amino acids, known as the inserted (I) domain or αA domain, which is located between blades 2 and 3 of the β propeller. Integrins with an α I ...
can be activated under elevated AMP:ATP ratio conditions, embodying a detector of cellular energy status.18AMPK switches on several catabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, to supplement ATP levels as a timely response to low levels of cellular energy.19In addition,...
As for GEN treatment, most of the fitness genes during exposure to combination treatment belonged to the ATP synthase subunits. However, the common genes showed a higher fold change in the combination treatment than in the GEN treatment despite the lower concentrations of the two drugs when ...
This leads to the conclusion that the interaction of MDL1 and the FO/F1-ATP synthase in Triton X-100 micelles is unspecific. Of note, the co-purification of F-type ATPases has also been observed in case of other ABC transporters. Therefore, it is unclear whether MDL1 is directly ...
Since C. sticklandii possesses both pathways, a possible function of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway may be the formation of methylene-THF from CO2, which is then used in the glycine synthase/glycine reductase pathway as described for amino acid-fermenting "acetogenic" bacteria. However, this does ...
In bacteria and mitochondria, ABC1 homologs regulate ubiquinone synthesis [135], [136]. Recently, it has been demonstrated by two independent studies that two PG ABC1-like kinases, ABC1K3 and ABC1K1, regulate prenylquinone metabolism probably through the phosphorylation of VTE1 [26], [27]....
The enzymes involved in mitochondrial energy production such as complex IV cytochrome c oxidase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase complex are found to decrease, while the succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) and malate ...
While much recent research has expanded our understanding of the molecular interactions between aphids and their host plants, it is lacking for the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. Since its North American invasion, A. glycines has become one of the most d
Dean M, Rzhetsky A, Allikmets R: The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. Genome Res. 2001, 11: 1156-1166. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Holland IB, Cole SPC, Kuchler K, Higgins CF: ABC proteins: from bacteria to man. 2003, Academic press: London Uk Google...