Cysts that develop from parasite ookinetes on the outside of the mosquito midgut, under the basal lamina, and in which asexual replication produces hundreds of sporozoites. Secretory vesicles Membrane-bound vesicles that are derived from intracellular organelles and contain material for transport beyond ...
Sirnilarly, experi- ments in which the stimuli are odors taken from males versus females, rather than actual animals themselves, are not direct exarninations of sexual orientation. The ideal sexual preference experiment would be designed to en- sure that the primary motivation for the choice is...
We also noted studies on chemosensory traits that guide interactions between gametes (e.g., sperm chemotaxis) as they are similar targets of sexual selection in diverse animals65, though we only note these in our literature review if we were unable to find examples of chemosensory traits that ...
Fish are the only vertebrate group where hermaphroditism is present, with two main types. The first main type is sequential hermaphroditism, where individuals can: a) first mature as females, change sex and function as males for the rest of their lives (protogynous species), b) first mature ...
Surrogate production by germline stem cell transplantation is a powerful method to produce donor-derived gametes via a host, a practice known as surrogacy. The gametes produced by surrogates are often analysed on the basis of their morphology and species
Human seminal plasma is a complex fluid produced by secretions from several glands of the male genital tract and male gametes consist of rich amount of EVs [250]. EVs are synthesized by the prostate, as well as by the epididymis, and even by the testis. EVs are classified based on testicu...
Sequencing of certain animals or organs can be challenging due to their limited availability, difficulty in manipulation, or ethical concerns. Organoids, 3D cultures developed from stem cells that closely resemble the source tissue [153], are valuable in vitro tools for organoid single-cell transcrip...
In nature, several kinds of entities correspond to different “species concepts” or specions that are irreducible one to another. These categories can be defined according to the modalities of their reproduction, i.e., of their gametopoiesis (mode of formation of gametes), of their kineto...
Another unique feature of sea cucumbers among the echinoderms is that they possess a single gonad and a single gonopore instead of five, located anteriorly at the base of the tentacles [133]. Like other echinoderms, gametes are released in the sea water [133]. Compared to the broad informa...
Animals transmit not only DNA but also other molecules, such as RNA, proteins and metabolites, to their progeny via gametes. It is currently unclear to what extent these molecules convey information between generations and whether this information changes according to their physiological state and envi...