These reductions were used to determine reductions in the incidence rate and prevalence using a partial differential equation. Results Compared with the base case scenario, combined tax interventions in 2020 resulted in a 0.95 percentage point decrease in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (16.2% vs...
Outcome focus Health outcomes in the assessed studies were mainly measured by the number of CVD cases or deaths averted. In some cases, models were also applied to estimate the incidence and prevalence of CVD events and mortality, impact on quality of life and associated with their cost-...
Studies that modelled the impact of modifying nutrient intake on public health and/or economic outcomes due to intervention (e.g., estimating potential changes in risk factor, disease incidence, disease burden, quality-/disability-adjusted life years, or health care costs) were selected as eligible...
Table 4, also indicates that there are relatively low incidences of small positive earnings in the pre adoption period (0.081 compared 0.082) even though the difference is quite small. Pre adoption period also appear to have low frequency of large negative income which suggest quality did not ...
One recommendation is to “reduce sugar consumption through effective taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages” [3]. Consumption of SSBs is associated with higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, and dental caries [4,5,6]. Several countries have ...
Monetary policy or monetary expansion by a central facility is an increase in the money supply to target the level of interest rates or economic output. On the other hand, fiscal policies are implemented at a governmental level, representing decisions on taxation and spending. While both monetary...
One of the key elements in the planned pension reform in the Netherlands is to abolish the implicit subsidy from younger to older workers inherent in pensi
Studies that modelled the impact of modifying nutrient intake on public health and/or economic outcomes due to intervention (e.g., estimating potential changes in risk factor, disease incidence, disease burden, quality-/disability-adjusted life years, or health care costs) were selected as eligible...
While the drivers of climate change and its mitigation measures are well-documented [10,11,12,13,14], the extents of the mitigation measures to curtail CO22 emissions and thus reduce the incidences of climate change are rarely quantified, or seldom evaluated at best. Significant aspects of ...
disease incidence, and disease costs. We calculated the years of life lost (YLL) due to smoking-related diseases at a population level as the sum of years of life lost due to premature death (PYLL); and years of life lost due to living with a poor quality of life (YLL-QL). As the...