TAX incidenceIncreasing globalization and the European Union enlargement have an influence not only on human culture or politics but mainly on the economies of the countries in which integration is at different levels of their development. This paper deals with the convergence of...
What is tax incidence? How does it relate to tax shifting? If the government increases expenditure by $40 billion and increases tax receipts by $40 billion, what is the impact on aggregate demand? Explain your answer. What are "Revenue Deficit," "Effective Revenue Deficit," "Fisca...
Outcome focus Health outcomes in the assessed studies were mainly measured by the number of CVD cases or deaths averted. In some cases, models were also applied to estimate the incidence and prevalence of CVD events and mortality, impact on quality of life and associated with their cost-...
What is the impact of a lump-sum tax on labor supply? What effect does the elasticity of supply have on the incidence of an excise tax? Suppose the government taxes households proportionally to their income. What happens to the value of the multiplier when the tax rate decreases?...
Monetary policy or monetary expansion by a central facility is an increase in the money supply to target the level of interest rates or economic output. On the other hand, fiscal policies are implemented at a governmental level, representing decisions on taxation and spending. While both monetary...
The World Health Organization (WHO) identified 88 "Best Buys" to address the burden of NCDs [3]. One rec- ommendation is to "reduce sugar consumption through effective taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages" [3]. Consumption of SSBs is associated with higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, ...
13 This implicitly assumes that labour is homogenous, relative wages reflect relative productivities, and once an individual has decided to be active on the labour market, the incidence of unemployment is an independent random event, with an exogenous probability (see footnote 3 for more discussion...
One recommendation is to “reduce sugar consumption through effective taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages” [3]. Consumption of SSBs is associated with higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity, cardiovascular risk factors, and dental caries [4,5,6]. Several countries have ...
(expressed as decimal) from the baseline level of January 2020;Si,Mi,Wi,Fi,IiandTiare, respectively, firmi's annual revenue, material expenses, labour expenses, overhead costs, interest payments, and taxation payments (assumed strictly exogenous to the profit generation process) in the most ...
Studies that modelled the impact of modifying nutrient intake on public health and/or economic outcomes due to intervention (e.g., estimating potential changes in risk factor, disease incidence, disease burden, quality-/disability-adjusted life years, or health care costs) were selected as eligible...