当敌军(病菌)要入侵我们时,军队(免疫力)就会站出来识别、定位和消灭敌军。 Let's focus on immunity first, which is the ability of the immune system to fight against pathogens. If immunity is like an army, while the virus ...
The human immune system is composed of a distributed network of cells circulating throughout the body, which must dynamically form physical associations and communicate using interactions between their cell-surface proteomes1. Despite their therapeutic potential2, our map of these surface interactions rem...
while some viruses can also produce suppressors of RNAi18. Usually, persistent viral infection has limited adverse effects on its competent insect vector because the insect innate immune system is able to effectively modulate the persistent propagation of the virus in the body by preventing excessive ...
intraepithelial lymphocytescontained within the epithelium ofmucosaand the lamina propria located immediately beneath the epithelium are responsible for effector functions. They occur diffusely in mucosal tissues and lack the well-defined structure of the organizedmucosal immune system....
system Theimmunesystemis spreaddiffusely throughoutthebody– asystemoforgans, nodesandlymph vessels 5 Diagramofthebloodcells Remember,thewhitebloodcellsare thedefenders 6 SomeWBC’scirculate thoughthelymph,the bloodandthe interstitialfluid Somearepermanently ...
Many C-type lectins found on cells in the immune system have been reported to initiate intracellular signalling, but this remains the least well understood function of these receptors. The different arrangements of these receptors in the plasma membrane reflects the fact that there are several distin...
APCs present antigens to T cells and transform them to effector T cells, which is strengthened by CD4+T cells. Cytokines released from natural killer T (NKT) cells and M1 macrophages protect against cancer cells. However, when cancer cells escape the immune system, effector T cells are render...
memory cells (Hakim and Gress,2007), whereas nonclassical monocytes (MCs) with high levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 accumulate with age (Ong et al.,2018). In addition, senescence of the immune system in the elderly has been termed “inflammaging”, ...
The development of single-cell detection platforms has enabled deep profiling of the heterogeneity of tumors and the immune system both within individual tumors and between patients [9, 10]. Genomic single-cell sequencing methods, which detect mutations at the DNA level, have been used to confirmed...
IIDB uses the MYSQL relational database system to store, retrieve and manage the data. The web interface between the user and IIDB is coded in PERL/CGI. Initially, the database was populated with a set of 1670 genes differentially regulated in response to LPS. We subsequently added a selec...