“I’m not sure why it’s such a complicated system — I would put the ILCs right in the pancreas — but I guess it makes sense if you eat, then you get alerted: ‘Hey, we need these ILCs now in the pancreas,’
This argues that cytokine effects might not be simply explained by resorting to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Non-T-cell-dependent effects of IL-4 may be at work (16). Recently, IL-5 has been reported to play a protective role (17). Cytokine effects on atherogenesis indeed seem to be quite ...
Immune system - IgA, IgG, IgM: The term constant region is a bit misleading in that these segments are not identical in all immunoglobulins. Rather, they are basically similar among broad groups. All immunoglobulins that have the same basic kinds of cons
1The innate immune system The innateimmune systemis one of the two mainarmsof the body's defense system against pathogens. From an evolutionary perspective, it is older than theadaptive immune system, the second main branch of the immune system [1]. The major distinction between the two parts...
In addition to the well-known function of eliminating harmful substances via the immune system, the immune cells also participate in the progression of cardiac fibrosis by promoting the activation of various signaling pathways (see Fig.3). Abundant experimental evidence delineates that immune cells ha...
Multiple cell types necessary for proper eye function, such as retinal cells, keratocytes, and glial and inflammatory cells, can be infected with HCMV [124]. The most common visual system disease associated with CMV infection in immunocompetent persons is anterior uveitis (AU), which is associa...
In addition to the well-known function of eliminating harmful substances via the immune system, the immune cells also participate in the progression of cardiac fibrosis by promoting the activation of various signaling pathways (see Fig.3). Abundant experimental evidence delineates that immune cells ha...
disorder is noted, although it is conceived that these changes are interrelated with the different biopsychosocial events that accompany these conditions [23,24]. In this sense, it is recognized that the immune system can promote and aggravate the development of affective disorders from two main ...
Statistical analysis of the sheep data revealed that the correlation between survival and high levels of self-reactive antibodies isn’t completely explained by being better at beating parasites. This may mean that self-reactive antibodies are not just a side effect of a strong immune system –...
One of the most extraordinary metamorphic phenomena is thesweating of blood. This may be explained by the catabolic enzymes (hyaluronidase, elastase and collagenase) produced by the macrophages. If they act to make the vessel walls more permeable during the height of an acute cycle then its conce...