S. Tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils in tumor microenvironment. Mediators Inflamm. 2016, 6058147 (2016). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wellenstein, M. D. & de Visser, K. E. Cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms shaping the tumor immune landscape. Immunity 48, 399–416 (...
Cortical demyelination is a widely recognized hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and correlate of disease progression and cognitive decline. The pathomechanisms initiating and driving gray matter damage are only incompletely understood. Here, we determined the infiltrating leukocyte subpopulations in 26 cor...
In addition, oncogenic KRAS co-operates with mutations of oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes to induce a pro-inflammatory and/or an immunosuppressive stroma9. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between oncogenic KRAS, inflammation and immune-modulatory mechanisms in cancer, with a focus on...
HIF-1α stabilization in activated macrophages locally promotes the metabolic switch toward the aerobic glycolysis for rapid energy production to support the effective phagocytosis. Pyruvate, the key metabolite of glucose, is generally transported into mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-CoA by ...
This influence restrains the effector T cells from provoking the killing mechanisms of macrophages that could act as a survival condition for the bacteria.116 Helicobacter pylori infection suppresses microRNA-375 expression in the gastric tissue. Attenuation of microRNA-375 provokes the Janus kinase (...
Central toleranceencompasses the mechanisms that render newly developing lymphocytes in primary lymphoid organs tolerant to self antigens. Developing B cells and T cells that react strongly to self antigens either undergo alteration of their antigen receptors, or face functional inactivation, deletion by...
These findings bring up the possibility that exercise, and perhaps other stressors, activate macrophages for effector functions while downregulating accessory cell functions. To a large extent, the mechanisms responsible for the exercise-induced changes in macrophage function remain unknown, but may ...
of PD-1, belongs to the B7 family and can be expressed not only by immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, DCs, and mast cells, but also by normal tissue cells and aberrant tumor cells [42,43]. When PD-1 binds to PD-L1 on the surface of immune effector cells such...
Immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, T helper 17 cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages and B cells, as well as chemokines and cytokines, such as IL-17, IL-18, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor, have crucial roles in the immune mechanisms underlying hypertension. Relevant ...
Infiltration of macrophages in the lungs and dysregulated RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and its triggered toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathways were observed in the pathogenesis of PAH in our previous studies [7, 8]. However, the immune mechanisms of PAH have not been ...