Human females have two X- chromosomes called sex chromosomes celled sex chromosome. During meiosis at the time of gamete fomation, one X-chromosome enters each gamete. Hence, all the gametes formed in human fem
Since mitochondria of the zygote are almost exclusively contributed by the cytoplasm of the female gamete, genes carried by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) follow the rules of "maternal inheritance" or "cytoplasmic inheritance". In principle, mutations in mitochondrial DNA will be transmitted to all the ...
Unique for its role in human reproduction, agameteis a specialized sex cell carrying 23 chromosomes—one half the number in body cells. At fertilization, the chromosomes in one male gamete, called asperm(or spermatozoon), combine with the chromosomes in one female gamete, called an oocyte...
Production of the female gamete, the egg, followed by its release from the ovary is called ovulation. Ovulation is cyclical and predictable. These cycles are called menstrual cycles in humans. Cyclical changes in hormone secretion by ovaries cause changes in the entire female reproductive tract, ...
human females have 22 pairs of autosomes and contain only the $X$ sex chromosome. The sex of an individual is determined by the type of the male gamete (X or $Y)$, which fuses with the $X$ chromosome of the female. If the fertilizing sperm is $X$, then the baby will be a girl...
Sexual reproduction involves two parents, where one gamete is obtained from the male and the other gamete is obtained from the female. Hence, this requires fertilisation, which is the fusion of the nucleus of the male sex cell (e.g. sperm) to the nucleus of the female sex cell (e.g. ...
n, Haploid number; M, metacentric; S, submetacentric; A, acrocentric; X, female sex chromosome; Y, male sex chromosome. * Based on one female. Evolutionary rearrangement of the karyotype most commonly involves chromosome fusion or fission. These changes are also known as Robertsonian translocation...
The ovaries produce the Female gamete and some steroid hormones. Ovarian follicles in different stages of development are embedded in the stroma. The process of formation of mature Female gametes is called Oogenesis. Menstrual cycle starts only after reaching puberty and each cycle lasts for about ...
Elite female athletes (who have lower endogenous testosterone concentrations than males) have greater performance-enhancing effects from exogenous testosterone than elite male athletes (Franke & Berendonk, 1997). These findings suggest that, generally, females represent the low-to-middle region of the ...
For example, glycoprotein CD59 on the surface of acrosome-reacted spermatoza protects the male gametes from complement-mediated damage and gamete adhesion when they travel through the female genital tract (22). The sperm glycosylation also plays key roles for sperm-oocyte binding (22). To ...