“Intelligence” will refer to these “universally useful intellectual abilities” going forward. We can talk about those of us who have them as “smart” and those who do not as “stupid.” This will piss some of you off, but it really is time we stop pretending we are all equally sma...
When Night Furies are at locations where their sight is limited, making it hard to fly, they emit a sonic blast that has a special signal. This signal, taking the shape of purple-colored sound waves (likely containing some kind of weak plasma rays), bounces off of all objects and ...
We present cryo-ET structures of pre-fusion HN-F complexes in situ on surfaces of virions that evolved resistance to an anti-HPIV3 F neutralizing mAb. Single mutations in F abolish mAb binding and neutralization. In these complexes, the HN protein that normally restrains F triggering has ...
However, the mechanism underlying the correlation between the force-lifetime pattern and the ability for force on TCR to induce T-cell signaling remains unclear. An intuitive hypothesis is that catch bonds prolong TCR engagement with pMHC, which allows the process of CD3 signal initiation to ...
It is possible to control the chemical environment, which in turn allows for effective examination of different functional states of different types of molecules.ConsVery low signal to noise ratio - This is one of the biggest disadvantages with Cryo-EM. For biological macromolecules, the main build...
critical. Thus, as in the case of orthologous proteins from species adapted to different temperatures, the intrinsic stabilities of secondary structures of mRNAs, as measured by the free energy change that occurs during formation of these structures, exhibit a clear signal of temperature adaptation. ...
As a result, signal transduction from insulin/IGF-1 to AKT gets impaired, and AKT becomes underphosphorylated. This leads to the insufficient FOXO3 phosphorylation, which induces FOXO3 nuclear translocation increasing the expression of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases. Back in ...
pathogen-derived molecular patterns or endogenously derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that signal pathogen invasion or tissue damage. The resulting signals from PRRs are processed and integrated to produce an inflammatory response that initiates an immune response to restore tissue ...
We have presented here cryoEM structures of two MAC conformations and derived an atomic model for the transmembrane complex. Furthermore, we have shown corroborating flicker spectroscopy data that explain how MAC assembly precursors alter physical properties of the membrane to prime the bilayer for att...
Human airway epithelial (HAE) cellular models are widely used in applicative studies of the airway physiology and disease. In vitro expanded and differentiated primary HAE cells collected from patients seem to be an accurate model of human airway, offeri