theory, or innovation. These interesting chemistry topics span various subfields, including organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry. Chemistry research often involves experimentation, analysis, and the application of theoretical principles to understand...
Assessment of the impact of variation in chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA (collectively termed the plasmotype) on plant phenotypes is challenging due to the difficulty in separating their effect from nuclear-derived variation (the nucleotype). Haploid-inducer lines can be used as efficient plasmotype...
Some of the emerging mechanisms include: (1) nuclear entry during mitosis, when the nuclear envelope is disassembled, (2) viral genome release in the cytoplasm followed by entry of the genome through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (3) capsid docking at the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, ...
Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the tissues play a pivotal role in the spatiotemporal control of key cellular functions. Curvature influences multicellular organizati...
Tight junctions are made up of a network of claudins and cytoplasmic proteins, such as zonula occludens (ZO), and cingulin.[iv]But your blood-brain barrier is not just surrounding and encasing your brain in a protective layer. This network of capillaries goes throughout most of your brain....
Figure 2. FtsZ proteins assemble to form a Z ring that is anchored to the plasma membrane. The Z ring pinches the cell envelope to separate the cytoplasm of the new cells. Think about It What is the name of the protein that assembles into a Z ring to initiate cytokinesis and cell divi...
not only pumps out intracellular protons to maintain intracellular pH but also produces ATP to promote bacterial growth and survival53. Inhibition ofatpDexpression inS. mutansUA159 resulted in a significant decrease in acid adaptation and an increase in cytoplasmic acidity51. Additionally,S. mutanspro...
Oxidative injury, reflected by the cytoplasmic accu- mulation of oxidized lipids in white matter lesions and the cortex was low in comparison to that seen in acute MS cases with Pattern III pathology or in the lesions of patients with progressive MS. [14, 21] However, in the lesions ...
The reprogramming process retains the DNA from the donor (Okano and Yamanaka 2014; Okuno et al. 2017). This provides researchers the ability to gener- ate biological replicates by reprogramming iPSCs derived from different individuals, either with or without a specific phenotype. This feature of ...
A laser is used to separate the desired cells from the tissue on a microscope slide and the cells of interest are then captured for subsequent analysis. Crypts Tubular invaginations of the intestinal epithelium. At the base of the crypts, there are Paneth cells, which produce bactericidal ...