How to calculate phenotype and genotype ratios. How to determine possible gametes for a genotype How do you find the genotypes on a pedigree? What genotype does a person with O blood have? What is genotype? What would the genotype ratio of the offspring be for two individuals that are heter...
Protein coding features can emerge de novo in non coding transcripts, resulting in emergence of new protein coding genes. Studies across many species show that a large fraction of evolutionarily novel non-coding RNAs have an antisense overlap with protei
Transfer the fluid to a microscope slide, and allow the sample to dry at room temperature. To identify the estrous cycle stage the female is in, the types of cells present (cornified epithelial, nucleated epithelial, and leukocytes) and ratio of these cells is determined by crystal violet ...
There are many functions PLINK will do to your data by default, so find the flags necessary to turn off these functions. Some useful ones I use: \ --keep-allele-orderUse this EVERY SINGLE TIME you call a plink command, otherwise the order of Allele1 and Allele2 may (or probably will...
How were Mendel's observations related to genes on autosomes? What does autosomal dominant trait mean? Why is a dominant allele called dominant? What is an autosomal recessive Punnett square? How is incomplete dominance expressed in a phenotype?
Challenges aim to test whether certain problems can be addressed with existing tools and to find out what kind of methods will be needed in the future. Critical Assessment of Structure Predictions (CASP) [6] was the first challenge of this kind in biosciences. The idea was, and still is,...
Traditional linkage analysis of a single pedigree permits a claim of linkage to a phenotype if the LOD score is greater than 3.0. Exome analysis is currently viewed as insufficiently powerful to assert this claim without multiple independent allele discoveries in several pedi- grees, requiring the ...
In live-bearing animal lineages, the evolution of the placenta is predicted to create an arena for genomic conflict during pregnancy, drive patterns of male sexual selection, and increase the rate of speciation. Here we test these predictions of the vivi
The key assumption is that phenotypes occupy a narrow range, relative to the range of multilocus genotypes that are possible, given the standing variation. This is consistent with the basic observation that artificial selection can shift the mean phenotype far outside its original range, within a ...
Science instructors need questions for use in exams, homework assignments, class discussions, reviews, and other instructional activities. Textbooks never have enough questions, so instructors must find them from other sources or generate their own quest