Apoptotic cells undergo an ordered series of molecular and morphologic changes, including caspase activation, chromatin condensation and destruction, destruction of the nuclear envelope, and membrane "blebbing." The classic and still gold-standard test is electron microscopy (see figure at right), says...
As a testament to the efficiency and rapidity of efferocytosis, it is surprisingly difficult to histologically detect apoptotic cells despite 4109 cellular suicides occurring per day in adult tissues.15,16 There are several broadly defined phases of phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells: (1) Find-...
Apical domains of dying hair cells are eliminated from the inner ear sensory epithelia, an event thought to depend on supporting cells' actomyosin contractile activity. We show that in the case of apoptotic outer hair cells of the organ of Corti, elimination of their apices is preceded by ...
Cell health status—detection of apoptotic cells or cell death Cell cycle status—providing a powerful tool to assess cells in G0/G1 phase versus S phase, G2, or polyploidy, including analysis of cell proliferation and activation Identification and characterization of distinct subsets of cells with...
But how is the cell able to detect virus particles located away from its main body? A possible explanation is chemotaxis. Antibodies are known to associate and dissociate from their antigen over time. It is tempting to speculate that the dissociated antibodies leak away from the complex and ...
The final chapter is a review of two nuclear-based techniques, positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography, imaging methodologies to detect the loss of neurons, monitor the progression of the disease and validate the neuroprotective potential of therapeutic strategies. All...
3C) displayed strong reactivity to α-syn bands at 180 ng (Fig. 3D). Taken together, these results suggest that all the antibodies tested here do not preferentially detect one particular α-syn species (consistent with the slot blot analysis). Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that ...
Given that NLRs detect matching effector proteins, pathogens have evolved various strategies to avoid recognition. In addition to deleting or silencing the recognised effectors, evolving new effectors targeting NLR function is one of the most straightforward strategies pathogens can utilise to perturb plant...
et al. Regulatory CD4+ T cells recognize MHC-II-restricted peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B. Circulation 138, 1130–1143 (2018). This is the first study to detect and characterize APOB-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells in humans using peptide-specific tetramers and to show the ...
A vital function of the immune system is to detect alterations in tissue homeostasis and respond in a context-dependent manner. To achieve this, immune and stromal cells, particularly those located at barrier sites, express a diverse range of germline-encoded receptors termed pattern recognition rece...