Within the framework of the New Urbanization Plan, the rural members ofdual-hukoufamilies are considered as the ideal “target human resources”. However, these individuals are often resistant to transitioning intourban-hukouresidents, preferring to maintain their peri-urban status alongside their famil...
This process aims to minimize selection bias, construct a counterfactual framework, and calculate the average treatment effect. The remarkable consistency between the matched control and treatment groups, which accounts for relevant control variables, significantly reduces statistical differences. Con- ...
To calculate the expenditure of forest certification, we used the annual rate of 27 USD/ha/yr,6 which is the highest cost for household group certification.7 This rate is three times higher than the rate of 8.5 USD/ha/yr, which was claimed by Maraseni et al. (2017) as the threshold ...
In anticipation of the upcoming changes and turbulence caused by Industry 4.0, in which digital integration connects all value chain members, managers at leading multinational enterprises (MNEs) are scrambling to predict the associated changes in the market. This pioneering study advances our understandin...
To determine whether our video segments represent the whole session accurately, we record three complete livestreaming video sessions, calculate the valence and arousal values utilizing the dimensional emotion model, and compare them with the corresponding video segments. As shown in Table 3, the resul...
(1) The selection of majorair pollutantsin China, namelysulfur dioxide(SO2), smoke and dust as the measurement indicators, and using the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive score of air pollution in each province. (2) The construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system of new-...
In order to calculate the green economic growth, the input variables we selected mainly include labor, capital, and energy. We use the annual urban employment number to represent labor input. Capital investment adopts fixed asset investment, and uses the perpetual inventory method to account for it...
The entropy method uses the discrete degree of the index to determine the weight of the index. We collect data of 31 selected provinces from 2009 to 2019 and calculate the weight of each index each year utilizing the entropy method. First, calculate the proportion 𝑝𝑖𝑗pij of the j ...
[11] use the GML index to calculate GTFP, analyze the effects of OFDI, and the structural transformation of GTFP, proposing that OFDI can significantly reduce GTFP in China. OFDI has obvious regional differences on the impact of GTFP. OFDI plays a significant role in promoting GTFP in the ...
We used assets, turnover, and number of employees to calculate the group sizes of the different companies as expressed in the Portuguese Decree-Law No. 372/2007. The turnover was log-transformed to use as a control for company size (logturnover). A number of banks were subjected to log...