for runoff coefficient C, peak runoff rate Q, rainfall intensity i (in in/hour) and size of the area A (usually in acres). Other runoff coefficients use different units of measurement for the other variables such as area in m2and intensity in mm/hr. Several...
Rising anthropogenic-induced nutrient enrichment of surface waters is of great concern globally as it jeopardizes the ecological integrity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Floating wetlands have been successfully used to treat nutrient enriched wastewater in developing nations, and provide additional ...
Urbanization and climate change are contributing to severe flooding globally, damaging infrastructure, disrupting economies, and undermining human well-being. Approaches to make cities more resilient to floods are emerging, notably with the design of flood-resilient structures, but relatively little is kno...
The yearly net deposition and net accumulation of mercury at the surface within the Arctic Circle north of 66.5掳 N are estimated at 153 and 117 Mg, respectively. We calculate that 58 and 50 Mg of mercury are deposited annually to the Arctic Ocean directly and ...
Once you know density, you can calculate mass per unit volume. All you have to do is multiply that density by the volume of the solid or liquid to find the mass of the solid or liquid. In the metric system, the mass is equal to the weight, so no further conversion is necessary. If...
The average simulated concentration of mercury in snowpack meltwater runoff tends to be higher on the Russian/European side (> 20 ng l-1) of the Arctic Ocean than on the Canadian side (< 10 ng l-1). The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated monthly mean...
Previous estimates of sea level rise have been based on a set of possible outcomes called emissionsscenarios. These theoreticalscenarios range from emissions which fall very quickly, to emissions that continue to rise even faster than they have already. Scientists then calculate possible outcomes for ...
(2016a) adopted the Global NEWS approach to calculate river export of nutrients to the MARINA 1.0 model. The model includes more pollution sources according to Chinese situation with updated information for reservoirs. For example, the model includes nutrients from direct discharge of animal manure ...
The P loadings, which are important to determine the trophic state, are expressed in mg P m−2day−1or g P m−2year−1. There are several methods to calculate these loadings (under nutrients in Fig.2). Waterborne P sources
9.Machine Performance– Logging geographic coordinates of agricultural machinery in a farm field to better understand the spatial variability cost of field operation and machinery performance. 10.Future Food Demand– Diagnosing the future food demand and planning how to fulfill the needs of a growing ...